Modern society is experiencing an information revolution. What is this process? Please indicate several
Examples:...
Stability-...
Examples:...
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2. Give an example of global problems.
Environmental, political, social and economic.
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3.Modern society is experiencing an information revolution. What is this process? List several of its manifestations.
Help me please:)
became richer, and those who became poorer increased sharply. As a result, the richest 10% in 1993 received about 40% of the total income of the country's population. What are the reasons for this? What economic measures of social support for low-income populations does the state use?
3. You have been asked to organize a group of students from your class to prepare a speech for fifth-graders on the topic “How a computer helps you study.” Which of your classmates would you ask to take part in this activity? What personality traits would you consider when making your choice?
1. Law, its role in the life of the state and society.
2. Spanish sociologist M. Castells derived the following formula for post-industrial society: “I think, therefore I produce.” What feature of this society did the scientist try to express? What else characterizes this society?
3. On the street you saw a group of people who called on adults and children to block the nearby highway in order to force the authorities to stop the deforestation of the ancient park nearby. How will you behave? Explain your position.
1. Resources and needs, limited resources.
2. “Society exists for the sake of a strong state” or “a strong state reliably serves society? Which of the two statements presented in the question do you think is true and why?
3. On the street you witnessed the robbery of an elderly man and came to the police to tell about what happened. How should you behave when your testimony is taken? What should the investigative authorities do? Why?
1. Science in the life of modern society.
2. To purchase a computer, minor citizen P. decided to sell an expensive antique vase that he had inherited to an antique store. When completing the transaction, the store owner asked to see the will and passport, after which he gave the teenager money for the item purchased from him. Having learned about the transaction, the teenager's parents filed a lawsuit against the store owner. What decision should the court make? this case? Which articles of the code will the court rely on when making a decision? 3. A group of guys approached you and offered to join their organization “Young Defenders of Justice”. How will you respond to this proposal? Explain your actions.
1. There is a point of view according to which increasing social mobility in modern society mitigates social inequality. Bringarguments confirming or refuting this thesis.
2. Describe the main social statuses and roles of the individual in adolescence. What should and can change in social status and the roles of the individual when a person reaches 18 years of age?
3. On what principles should interethnic relations in modern society be based?
4. Show the relationship between such concepts as “social norm”, “deviant behavior”. Explain this relationship with a specific example.
1. Explain the meaning of the following principles and give examples to illustrate how they work in society.
Variability is when a person changes his character, opinion about himself, the meaning of life.
Examples: changes in exchange rates.
Stability- when everything in a person’s life goes without changes.
Examples: persistent resistance to stress.
2. Complete the tasks.
1) Fill in the blanks in the diagram.
1) Reforms, 2) Revolutions
2) Based on the text of the textbook, formulate two advantages and two disadvantages of each of the forms of transformation of society.
3) What is globalization?
It is a process of worldwide economic, political, cultural and religious integration.
4) Using the text of the textbook, indicate the manifestations of globalization in various spheres of society. Fill out the table.
5) Modern society is experiencing an information revolution. What is this process? List several of its manifestations.
In the 21st century, the media has advanced in providing information. A person receives a lot of information, the brain is overloaded.
6) What problems are called global? Give three or four characteristic features of global problems.
Global problems affect all of humanity and have dire consequences.
War, poverty, epidemic.
7) Give examples of global problems. Fill out the table.
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8) Throughout the world, over the past 40 years, the number of children born with genetic disorders has more than doubled and exceeds 10% of all births. What realities of the modern world could lead to such sad consequences?
There is a lot of industrial waste that pregnant women breathe in the city. Also, some people have a very strong passion (dependence) for alcohol and drugs. Also, deviations can be caused at the level of genetics (that is, from parents). Example: parents with deviations are more likely to give birth to the same child. And just the parents’ attitude towards nutritional standards, etc.
Nowadays, one can often hear discussions regarding information society and the so-called information revolution. Interest in this topic is due to significant changes that occur almost daily in the life of every person and the world community as a whole.
What is the information revolution?
In the process of development of human civilization, several information revolutions took place, as a result of which qualitative transformations took place in society, helping to improve the standard of living and culture of people. In the most general sense, the information revolution is a significant improvement in social relations due to fundamental changes in the field of collecting and processing information. It is well known that information provokes change and is of great importance for social development. Each person, as he grows personally, encounters something new and previously unknown to himself. This provokes a feeling of uncertainty and even fear. The desire to get rid of this feeling pushes one to take action aimed at finding new information.
The volume of information is constantly increasing and at a certain point no longer corresponds to the capacity of communication channels, which entails an information revolution. Thus, the information revolution is a qualitative leap in terms of data processing methods. The definition given by A.I. Rakitov has also become quite widespread today. According to the scientist, the information revolution is an increase in the volume and change in the tools and methods of collecting, processing, storing and transmitting information that is available to the population.
General characteristics of the first information revolution
The first information revolution began simultaneously with the spontaneous emergence of human articulate speech, that is, language. The emergence of speech is a necessity determined by the collective form of organization of life and joint work activity, the development and very existence of which is impossible without adequate information exchange between individuals. Language has had a tremendous impact on people's consciousness and their understanding of the world. Knowledge gradually accumulated and was passed on from generation to generation through numerous legends, tales and myths. Primitive communal society was characterized by “living knowledge.” Their carriers, keepers and distributors were shamans, elders and priests, after whose death some knowledge was lost, and its re-formation sometimes took more than a century.
The first information revolution has exhausted its capabilities and ceased to meet the requirements of the time. That is why at a certain moment the realization came that it was necessary to create some kind of auxiliary means that would preserve knowledge in time and space. Documentary recording of data later became a similar means.
Distinctive features of the second information revolution
The second information revolution began about 5 thousand years ago, when writing appeared in Egypt and Mesopotamia, and then in China and Central America. Initially, people learned to record their knowledge in the form of drawings. "Pictorial writing" was called pictography. Pictograms (drawings) were painted on the walls of caves or on the surface of rocks and depicted moments of hunting, military scenes, love messages, etc. Due to the fact that it did not require special literacy and knowledge of a specific language, it was understandable to every person and has been preserved until our days.
With the advent of states, writing also evolved. It is impossible to imagine governing a country without orderly written documentation, which is necessary to consolidate order within the state, as well as to conclude political, trade and other types of agreements with neighbors. For such rather complex actions, picture writing is not enough. Gradually, pictograms began to be replaced by conventional signs and graphic symbols, the drawings disappeared, and the writing became increasingly more complicated. The number of literate people grew, especially after the invention of alphabetic writing and the appearance of the first book. Recording information in writing significantly speeded up the exchange process social experience and development of society and statehood.
The significance of the third information revolution
The third information revolution dates back to the Renaissance. Most scientists associate its beginning with the invention. The appearance of this innovation is the merit of the German. The invention of printing made significant adjustments to the socio-political, economic, historical and cultural life of the population. Printing houses and bookselling establishments were opened everywhere, newspapers, sheet music, magazines, textbooks, maps were printed, institutes were founded in which not only theology was taught, but also such secular disciplines as mathematics, law, medicine, philosophy, etc., which occurred in the 18th century. century, would have been impossible without the information revolution that preceded it.
The fourth information revolution
It began in the 19th century, during the period of the invention and widespread dissemination of fundamentally new means of information communication, such as telephone, radio, photography, television, and sound recording. These innovations allowed many people located thousands of kilometers apart to exchange voice messages at lightning speed. A new stage in the development of society has arrived, since the emergence of technological innovation is always associated with economic growth and an increase in the standard of living and culture.
Fifth information revolution
Many scientists consider the fourth and fifth stages not separately, but together. They believe that these are successive stages of the information revolution, which continues today. The achievements of the past not only were not destroyed, but also continue to develop, changing and combining with new technologies. Since the 50s of the 20th century, people began to use digital technology in their practical activities. computer technology. revolution acquires a truly global character, affecting each person individually and as a whole. The widespread introduction and use of computer technology has provoked a real information boom. The information revolution is a step into a bright, beautiful and successful future.
Alternative periodizations of the information revolution
There are other options for periodizing the information revolution. The most famous concepts belong to O. Toffler and D. Bell. According to the first of them, in the process of development of society three waves can be distinguished: agricultural, industrial and information, which is based on knowledge. D. Bell also distinguishes three rather than five periods. According to the scientist, the first information revolution occurred about 200 years ago, when the steam engine was invented, the second - about 100 years ago, when mind-blowing successes were recorded in the field of energy and chemistry, and the third refers to modern times. He argues that today humanity is experiencing a technological revolution, in which information and high-quality information technologies occupy a special place.
The meaning of the information revolution
Nowadays, the process of informatization of society continues to unfold and improve. The modern information revolution has a colossal impact on the functioning of society, changing the stereotypes of people's behavior, their way of thinking and culture. Cross-border global information and communication networks continue to develop, covering all continents of the Earth and penetrating into the home of almost every person. Thanks to the information revolutions experienced by humanity, today it has become possible to integrate all software and hardware existing in the world into a single one in which both legal entities and individuals, as well as local and central government bodies, operate.
Detailed solution paragraph § 4 on social studies workbook for 8th grade students, authors Kotova O.A., Liskova T.E.
- Gdz in Social Studies for 8th grade can be found
1. Explain the meaning of the following principles and give examples to illustrate how they work in society.
Variability is the variety of characteristics among representatives of a given species, as well as the ability of descendants to acquire differences from their parent forms.
Variability is when the economic situation, political priorities, living standards of the population and, accordingly, their consumer demand can change.
Stability is the ability of a system to function without changing its own structure and to be in balance. This definition must remain constant over time.
Stability is when all these variable indicators fluctuate around some familiar average values (the exchange rate does not change diametrically).
2. Complete the tasks.
1) Fill in the blanks in the diagram.
Reform (lat. reformo) is a change in the rules of the game in the sphere of human life that does not affect the functional foundations, or a transformation introduced by legislation. In particular, the process of transforming the state, initiated by the authorities out of necessity. The ultimate goal of any reform is to strengthen and update state foundations, which, however, does not always lead to an improvement in the standard of living, a reduction in government spending and, conversely, an increase in income.
Revolution is a radical, radical, deep, qualitative change, a leap in the development of society, nature or knowledge, associated with an open break with the previous state. Revolution, as a qualitative leap in development, as faster and more significant changes, is distinguished from both evolution (where development occurs more slowly) and reform (during which a change is made to any part of the system without affecting the existing foundations).
2) Based on the text of the textbook, formulate two advantages and two disadvantages of each of the forms of transformation of society.
Revolution. Advantages: a radical change in the entire structure of society, aimed at improving the welfare of people, raising the state to a global level, rapid development of economic relations and policies of a given state.
Disadvantages: strikes, uprisings, leakage of material resources, unnecessary changes in society.
Reforms. Disadvantages: partial and gradual transition of society to a new level.
Advantages: the foundations of the current system are not affected, which does not lead to destabilization of the country.
3. What is globalization?
Globalization is the process of worldwide economic, political, cultural and religious integration and unification.
Globalization is a process of changing the structure of the world economy, most recently understood as a set of national economies connected with each other by a system of international division of labor, economic and political relations, inclusion in the world market and the close intertwining of the economy based on transnationalization and regionalization. On this basis, a single global network market economy is being formed - geo-economics and its infrastructure, and the destruction of the national sovereignty of states that have been the main protagonists of international relations for many centuries is taking place. The process of globalization is a consequence of the evolution of state-formed market systems.
The main consequence of this is the global division of labor, migration (and, as a rule, concentration) throughout the planet of capital, labor, production resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological processes, as well as the rapprochement and fusion of cultures of different countries. This is an objective process that is systemic in nature, that is, it covers all spheres of society. As a result of globalization, the world is becoming more connected and more dependent on all its subjects. There is both an increase in the number of problems common to a group of states and an expansion in the number and types of integrating entities.
4. Using the text of the textbook, indicate the manifestations of globalization in various spheres of society. Fill out the table.
Globalization of the economy is one of the laws of world development. Immeasurably increased interdependence of economies compared to integration various countries is associated with the formation of an economic space, where the industrial structure, exchange of information and technology, and the geography of the location of productive forces are determined taking into account global conditions, and economic ups and downs acquire planetary proportions.
The growing globalization of the economy is expressed in a sharp increase in the scale and pace of capital movement, faster growth of international trade compared to GDP growth, and the emergence of world financial markets operating around the clock in real time. Created over the past decades Information Systems have immeasurably increased the ability of financial capital to move rapidly, which contains, at least potentially, the ability to destroy stable economic systems.
Economic globalization is a complex and contradictory process. On the one hand, it facilitates economic interaction between states, creates conditions for countries to access the advanced achievements of mankind, ensures resource savings, and stimulates global progress. On the other hand, globalization leads to negative consequences: the consolidation of a peripheral economic model, the loss of their resources by countries not included in the “golden billion”. Globalization extends competition to all participants, including weak countries, which leads to the ruin of small businesses, a decrease in the standard of living of the population, etc.
Making the positive effects of globalization accessible to the maximum number of countries, while at the same time mitigating the negative consequences, is one of the declared goals of international policy.
Globalization is closely related to the process of centralization of subjects of management (centralization of power).
In politics, globalization is about weakening nation states and contributing to the change and reduction of their sovereignty. There is a process of transformation of national states into post-modern ones. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that modern states are delegating more and more powers to influential international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the European Union, NATO, the IMF and the World Bank. On the other hand, by reducing government intervention in the economy and lowering taxes, the political influence of enterprises (especially large transnational corporations) increases. Due to easier migration of people and free movement of capital abroad, the power of states in relation to their citizens is also reduced.
In the 21st century, along with the process of globalization, a process of regionalization is taking place, that is, the region is increasingly influencing the state of the system of international relations as a factor, the relationship between the global and regional components of world politics is changing, and the influence of the region on the internal affairs of the state is increasing. Moreover, regionalization is becoming characteristic not only for states with a federal form of structure, but also for unitary states, for entire continents and parts of the world. A clear example of regionalization is the European Union, where the natural development of the regionalization process led to the development of the concept of a “Europe of Regions,” reflecting the increased importance of regions and aiming to determine their place in the EU. Organizations such as the Assembly of European Regions and the Committee of the Regions were created.
Problems of global politics are solved mainly by two clubs, such as the G7 and G20; and the second concerns mainly economic problems.
Cultural globalization is characterized by the convergence of business and consumer culture between different countries of the world and the growth of international communication. On the one hand, this leads to the popularization of certain types of national culture throughout the world. On the other hand, popular international cultural phenomena can displace national ones or turn them into international ones. Many regard this as a loss of national cultural values and are fighting for the revival of national culture.
Modern films are released simultaneously in many countries around the world, books are translated and become popular among readers from different countries. The ubiquity of the Internet plays a huge role in cultural globalization. In addition, international tourism is becoming more and more widespread every year.
Globalization of social processes is a tendency towards the integration of socio-economic and cultural activities of participants in public life, manifested at the interstate, international level, the level of large social communities (people, professional communities, age categories), interpersonal interaction. Integration processes at the interstate and international level intensified in the period after the Second World War and especially since the 70s. 20th century, when the world community formed an understanding that in new civilizational conditions many social processes depend not only on the political positions of certain countries and traditions, ideas, and customs that have developed at the national level, but are also under the increasing influence of phenomena on a global scale , pervasive scientific and technological achievements, deepening communications, information exchange, migration, international tourism. On this basis the concept was formed global system, embodying: 1) the socialization of the economy on a global scale, the emergence of many social processes on the world stage as supranational, universal; 2) changes in the sphere of culture, lifestyle, as a result of which the strategies of consumerism (consumerism), distributed throughout the world through means mass media, transformed local and national cultural systems, increasing the role of elements of consumer culture in them; 3) the emergence of a “transnational capitalist class” in developing countries, gravitating towards integration into the world economic system.
5. Modern society is experiencing an information revolution. What is this process? List several of its manifestations.
Information revolution - a metaphor that reflects the revolutionary impact information technologies on all spheres of social life in the last quarter of the twentieth century. This phenomenon integrates the effects of previous revolutionary inventions in the information sphere (printing, telephony, radio communications, personal computer), since it creates a technological basis for overcoming any distances when transmitting information, which contributes to the unification of the intellectual abilities and spiritual forces of mankind.
This term is also used to refer to four information revolutions in the history of mankind, as a result of which not only the methods of processing information radically changed, but also the method of production, lifestyle, and value systems.
The formation of a modern information society was the result of several information revolutions that occurred in the history of the development of human civilization, and which not only radically changed the methods of processing information, but also the method of production, lifestyle, and value systems:
The first information revolution is associated with the advent of writing. It became possible to record knowledge on a material medium, thereby alienating it from the producer and transmitting it from generation to generation through its fixation in signs and destroyed the monopoly of a narrow circle of people on knowledge
the second information revolution was caused by the invention and spread of printing in the 15th century. and expanded access to information to the wider population through knowledge replication. This revolution radically changed society, created additional features introducing cultural values to large sections of the population at once;
the third information revolution (late 19th - early 20th centuries) was associated with the invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, which made it possible to quickly, in large volumes, transmit and accumulate information, transmit sound and visual images over long distances. The latter created the preconditions for the “space compression” effect;
the fourth information revolution (70s of the XX century) was caused by the invention of microprocessor technology and personal computer. It is characterized by the transition from mechanical, electrical means of converting information to electronic ones and creating software this process. The “crown” of this wave of revolution is the emergence of the World Wide Web - the Internet, which made information exchange possible on a global scale.
6. What problems are called global? Give three or four characteristic features of global problems.
The global problems of our time are a set of socio-natural problems, the solution of which determines the social progress of mankind and the preservation of civilization. These problems are characterized by dynamism, arise as an objective factor in the development of society and require the united efforts of all humanity to be solved. Global problems are interconnected, cover all aspects of people's lives and affect all countries.
Signs of global problems:
Without their solution, the survival of humanity is impossible;
They are of a universal nature, i.e. affect all countries;
The solution requires the combined efforts of all humanity;
They are essential, i.e. their decision cannot be postponed or transferred to the shoulders of future generations;
Their appearance and development are interconnected. The listed signs require some explanation.
7. Give examples of global problems.
List of global problems:
Unresolved problem of reversing aging in humans and poor public awareness of neglected aging;
The North-South problem is the development gap between rich and poor countries, poverty, hunger and illiteracy;
The threat of thermonuclear war and ensuring peace for all nations, preventing the world community from unauthorized proliferation of nuclear technologies and radioactive pollution of the environment;
Catastrophic environmental pollution;
Decline in biodiversity;
Providing humanity with resources, depletion of oil, natural gas, coal, fresh water, wood, non-ferrous metals;
Global warming;
Ozone holes;
The problem of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and AIDS;
Demographic development (population explosion in developing countries and demographic crisis in developed countries), possible famine;
Terrorism;
Asteroid danger;
Underestimation of global threats to the existence of humanity, such as the development of unfriendly artificial intelligence and global disasters;
Social inequality is the gap between the richest 1% and the rest of humanity;
Increasing unemployment (see also unconditional basic income).
Violence and organized crime.
Greenhouse effect;
Acid rain;
Pollution of seas and oceans;
Air pollution.
Environmental: atmospheric pollution, radioactive landfills, melting icebergs, greenhouse effect, destruction of rare animals and plants.
Political: overpopulation, food resources, terrorism.
Social: alcoholism, drug addiction, social orphanhood, homelessness, poverty.
Economic: crisis of overproduction, instability of exchange rates, adjustment of world prices for oil and gold, import/export of labor resources, unemployment.
8. Throughout the world, over the past 40 years, the number of children born with genetic disorders has more than doubled and exceeds 10% of all births. What realities of the modern world could lead to such sad consequences?
Bad atmosphere; life in the city (dirty air, etc.); parents who drink, smoke, use drugs.
Modern society is experiencing an information revolution. What is this process? List several of its manifestations.
Answers:
The information revolution is a metaphor that reflects the revolutionary impact of information technology on all spheres of society in the last quarter of the twentieth century. This phenomenon integrates the effects of previous revolutionary inventions in the information sphere (printing, telephony, radio communications, personal computer), since it creates a technological basis for overcoming any distances when transmitting information, which contributes to the unification of the intellectual abilities and spiritual forces of mankind. This term is also used to refer to four information revolutions in the history of mankind, as a result of which not only the methods of processing information radically changed, but also the method of production, lifestyle, and value systems. The formation of a modern information society was the result of several information revolutions that occurred in the history of the development of human civilization, and which not only radically changed the methods of processing information, but also the method of production, lifestyle, and value systems: the first information revolution is associated with the advent of writing. It became possible to record knowledge on a material medium, thereby alienating it from the manufacturer and transmitting it from generation to generation through its fixation in signs and destroyed the monopoly of a narrow circle of people on knowledge; the second information revolution was caused by the invention and spread of printing in the 15th century. and expanded access to information to the wider population through knowledge replication. This revolution radically changed society and created additional opportunities for introducing cultural values to large sections of the population at once.; the third information revolution (late 19th - early 20th centuries) was associated with the invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, which made it possible to quickly, in large volumes, transmit and accumulate information, transmit sound and visual images over long distances. The latter created the preconditions for the “space compression” effect; The fourth information revolution (70s of the XX century) was caused by the invention of microprocessor technology and the personal computer. It is characterized by the transition from mechanical, electrical means of converting information to electronic ones and the creation of software for this process. The “crown” of this wave of revolution is the emergence of the World Wide Web - the Internet, which made information exchange possible on a global scale.
