The computer is frozen - what keys to press on the keyboard, how to restart or turn it off. The meaning of keyboard buttons What does ctrl mean on the keyboard

Working with programs and the Windows operating system can be significantly accelerated if you use not only the mouse to enter data and control, but also use “hot keys” - special combinations and shortcuts on the keyboard. Try to remember the hotkeys that you use most often.

How to learn to use the keyboard?

First of all, you need to know the meanings of the keyboard keys. But this is not enough to use the keyboard to its full potential. It is convenient to perform the most frequent actions using keyboard shortcuts.

The keyboard is the main device for entering information into the computer. You can also use it to control a personal computer. The standard keyboard has 101 keys and allows you to enter 256 characters.

The keys are divided:

alphanumeric;
cursor control;
functional;
managers;
block of numeric keys.

Alphanumeric keys.

Allows you to enter various characters: letters, numbers, punctuation marks. These keys contain letters of the Latin and Russian (in CIS countries) alphabet. Switching between languages in Windows is done using a keyboard shortcut Alt+Shift (default in windows xp) or Ctrl+Shift (windows7).

Shortcuts or combinations of keys are pressed sequentially while holding down the previous keys. A maximum of 3 simultaneous hot key presses is possible.

Shift key allows you to enter capital letters in combination with letter keys, and characters shown on number (and some alphabetic Latin) keys.

To enter only capital letters without Shift, press Caps Lock. Does not apply to number keys. The corresponding light on the keyboard will light up.

They have different meanings in different programs with the exception of the F1 button. In the vast majority of cases, it calls up the program or windows help.

Block of numeric keys.

It is located on the right side of the keyboard and can work in numeric input mode and in cursor movement control mode. Switch modes - NumLock key. The NumLock indicator lights up in numeric input mode.

Control or special keys.

These keys include Ctrl, Shift, Enter, Alt, Enter, CapsLock and some others. Shift, Alt, Ctrl keys Most often used in combination with other keys.

Esc cancels the current operation.

Del (Delete) removes the character on the right, and Backspace– to the left of the cursor.

Ins (Insert) switches the mode of adding/replacing characters in the text.

Tab- Tabulation when typing. Sequentially moving focus between program or document elements.

Alt+Tab- switch between open and minimized windows.

Win("start")- opens the Start menu.

AppsKey, Menu- call the context menu for the selected object (right mouse button).

Enter enters data or a command, confirms a choice, etc. Double click on the selected object. Clicking the active or default button in a window. Entering a command and executing it. When typing - a new paragraph.

Arrows up, down, right and left- Move the cursor or focus through menu items. Move the cursor in the appropriate direction. The action of these keys in many programs is significantly expanded with the help of the service keys Shift and Ctrl.

Home- moving the cursor to the beginning of a line or to the beginning of a list.

End- moving the cursor to the end of the line or to the end of the list.

PageUp/PageDown- moving the cursor or focus to the visible part of the page up or down.

PrtScn (print screen)- Screenshot (screenshot) on the clipboard.

ScrLk (Scroll Lock)- Scroll lock. Pressing the cursor keys shifts the entire screen content.

Win is located between Ctrl and Alt on the left side (it shows the Windows corporation symbol).
Menu (right mouse button) is located to the left of the right Ctrl.
The combination “key” + “key” means that you first press the first key, and then the second, without releasing the first.

General-purpose Windows operating system hotkeys

Hotkeys for working with text

Hotkeys for working with files

Hotkeys for working in Explorer

Hotkeys for working with windows

Hotkeys for working with dialog boxes

Accessibility (needs to be disabled in the toolbar if you don't use it)

Pressing SHIFT 5 times in a row turns Sticky Keys on or off.
Press SHIFT for 8 seconds to enable or disable the input filtering function.
Pressing Num Lock for 5 seconds turns the switching voice function on and off.
Alt left + Shift left + Num Lock – enable or disable keyboard arrow control of the mouse pointer.
Alt left + Shift left + PRINT SCREEN – enable or disable high contrast mode.\

For many, it will be difficult at first to master the new interface of Windows 8. The very first thing the user will encounter will be difficulties navigating MetroUI. This completely new interface does not have buttons for managing application windows, the necessary auxiliary panels are hidden in it, and so on. Another unusual innovation is the absence of the Start button on the usual desktop. In this situation Sometimes you just need to use Windows 8 hotkeys to interact with MetroUI. New keyboard shortcuts improve navigation through the modern operating system. Some of them provide invaluable assistance to users.

First, you need to understand that the Metro user interface is nothing more than a modified and full-screen Start menu. When you turn on your PC, it loads and is placed on top of your usual desktop. For convenience, the main Metro menu includes shortcuts for launching the most frequently used applications, however, setting up Windows 8 hotkeys for working with individual applications, except for some system ones (such as file search), is not provided. When you launch one of the applications, the desktop will automatically open to run the selected application. I am describing this so that you do not look for ways to automatically minimize Metro on your own when the OS boots up.

I hope that the list of Windows 8 hotkeys presented for your consideration will help you quickly master the modern Metro interface and significantly save your precious time. When using these keyboard shortcuts, there will be no need to constantly click the mouse when complexly switching between windows, making settings and other frequent actions.

Hotkeys Chrome, Opera, Firefox

Universal hotkeys that work in all browsers. Keyboard shortcuts and shortcuts for Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Internet explorer.

Working with tabs, bookmarks and history.

Working with the address bar and navigation.

Scaling and scrolling.

Short for control, Ctrl is a key key on the keyboard and is located at the bottom left and right of the main keyboard. The image below shows an example of what the Ctrl key on your keyboard should look like.

This key is commonly used in a keyboard shortcut.

For example, the key combination + + opens task manager or restarts the computer.

Very often this key is used when working with documents in combination with the keys ^X, ^C, ^Z, etc. This means CTRL - [X], CTRL - [C], CTRL - [Z]. In other words, you You must simultaneously press the Ctrl key and one of the listed letters. Below is a list of the most commonly used keyboard shortcuts with CTRL. We also suggest you read “How to make a heart on the keyboard” or how to put an apostrophe on the keyboard.

Ctrl keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl+A	This command selects all text in a document
Ctrl+B	Bold selected text
Ctrl+C	Copies selected text
Ctrl+D	Adds a bookmark in a web browser or opens a font window in Microsoft Word.
Ctrl+E	Browser search bar
Ctrl+F	Opens a search box in a browser or navigation in Microsoft Word.
Ctrl+G	Opens search in browser and text editors
Ctrl+H	Opens Find and Replace in Microsoft Word.
Ctrl + I	Makes italicized text
Ctrl+J	View the download bar in your browsers and set "Format by width" in Microsoft Word.
Ctrl+K	Create a hyperlink for selected text in Microsoft Word and many HTML editors.
Ctrl+L	Makes the address bar active in the browser or left-aligned text in text editors.
Ctrl+M	Indent selected text in text editors and many other programs.
Ctrl + N	Creates a new page or document.
Ctrl+O	Opens the file in most programs.
Ctrl+P	Print the page you are viewing.
Ctrl+R	Reloading the page in a browser or right-aligning text in a text editor.
Ctrl+S	Save the document or file.
Ctrl+T	Create a new tab in your internet browser or customize tabs in text editors.
Ctrl+U	Makes selected text underlined.
Ctrl+V	Pastes any copied text or other object.
Ctrl+W	Closes an open tab in a browser or closes a document in Word.
Ctrl+X	Cuts selected text or other object.
Ctrl+Y	Cancel action.
Ctrl+Z	Pressing these two keys cancels any action.

Keyboard button meanings

The keyboard with which we type text has quite a lot of buttons. Each of these buttons is needed for something. In this lesson we will look at the keyboard buttons and remember those that are useful to us for working with text.

Keyboard keys

Key Esc. Its full name is Escape (pronounced "Escape") and it means "Exit". With this button we can close some programs. This applies to a greater extent to computer games..gif" alt="Function keys (F1-F12)" width="350" height="87">!}

Just below there is a row of buttons with numbers and signs (! " " No.; %: ? *, etc.).

To print a sign instead of a number, press the key with the desired sign while holding down the Shift button.

If the character printed is not the one you want, try changing the alphabet (bottom right)..gif" alt="English" width="19" height="22 src=">!}

On many keyboards, the numbers are also on the right side.

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It happens that these numbers don't work. You press the key with the desired number, but it does not print. This means that the numeric portion of the keyboard is turned off. In order to turn it on, you need to press the Num Lock button once..jpg" alt="Letters" width="326" height="78">!}

As a rule, each button has two letters - one foreign, the other Russian. In order to type the letter of the desired language, it must be selected at the bottom of the screen..gif" alt="English" width="19" height="22 src=">!}

The computer “selects” the letters of the alphabet that is installed on it.

You can also change the alphabet by pressing two buttons at once:

Shift And Alt

Shift And Ctrl

How to print a capital letter

In order to type a capital letter, you need to hold down the Shift key and, together with it, click on the desired letter.

How to type a period and a comma

If the Russian alphabet is installed, then in order to print a dot, you need to press the last key in the bottom letter row. It is located in front of the Shift button.

To type a comma, press the same button while holding Shift.

When the English alphabet is selected, to print a dot you need to press the key that is located before the Russian dot. The letter "Y" is usually written on it.

And the comma in the English alphabet is located where the Russian letter “B” is written (before the English dot).

The Tab button is needed to indent the beginning of a sentence. This indentation is also called a paragraph or red line. Click at the beginning of the text and press the Tab key. If the red line is adjusted correctly, the text will move slightly to the right.

Below the key that makes the red line is the Caps Lock key. It is used to print large letters.

Press Caps Lock once and release it. Try typing a word. All letters will be printed in capitals. To cancel this feature, press the Caps Lock key again and release it. Letters, as before, will be printed small.

The long bottom button on the keyboard is called the space bar. It is needed to create spaces between words.

On the top right side is the Backspace button. Often there is simply an arrow drawn on it, pointing to the left.

This button is needed to erase letters. It removes those letters that are printed in front of the flashing stick (cursor). The Backspace button is also used to raise text higher.

Below the key for deleting text is the Enter key.

It is designed to lower the text and move to the next line.

Let's look at the buttons that are located between the alphabetic and numeric keyboards. These are buttons such as Insert, Home, Page Up, Delete, End, Page Down and arrow buttons. They are needed in order to work with text without the help of a mouse.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/316/images/image020_44.gif" alt="Print Screen" width="150" height="56 src=">!}

In this article we looked at keyboard keys. Many of them you will most likely never need. But there are some keyboard keys that you will use quite often.

Keyboard buttons to remember

https://pandia.ru/text/78/316/images/image021_45.gif" alt="Caps Lock" width="78" height="42">- после нажатия этой кнопки все буквы будут печататься большими. Чтобы вернуть печать маленькими буквами, нужно еще раз нажать кнопку Caps Lock.!}

- indents (red line).

Space. Using this button you can add space between words.

Moves down a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move down, and press the Enter button.

Deletes the character before the blinking cursor. In other words, it erases text. This button also moves the text up a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move to the top, and press the “Backspace” button.

Not every user knows what all the keys on a PC keyboard are for. But among them there are many necessary and unused buttons. To learn how to use them more effectively, you should know the purpose of the keyboard keys and be able to use them at the right time.

When first starting to use a computer, a novice user does not think about what additional keys are needed for, and then completely forgets about them, using only those that allow typing. But additional buttons and their combinations can save time and, in some cases, money.

All keys are divided into 7 groups, each of which allows you to speed up your computer work and make the process more efficient. Thanks to the use of additional buttons, the user quickly types text, compiles a report, or simply switches between windows.

Depending on their functions, the keys are divided into groups:

1. Function keys (F1-F12) are designed to perform special tasks and, when pressed again, cancel the triggered action. For example, F1 is pressed to open help for the program whose window is active at the time of pressing. In games, the key performs the function assigned to it in the settings.

2. Alphanumeric needed to enter numbers, keys, punctuation marks and other symbols used when working on a PC.

3. Control keys, which include HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.

4. Cursor keys are used to move the cursor while working in text editing programs, in a browser, or when selecting files on a computer.

5. Control keys (modifiers) (Alt, Ctrl, Win, Caps Lock, Fn), most often used in combination with each other or with other buttons on the keyboard.

6. Number keys are needed to quickly enter numbers, so they are often used when drawing up reports or working with a calculator.

7. Editing keys (deleting information) – Backspace, Delete.

The layout of the keys on different keyboards may differ, but they are all located in approximately the same places relative to each other. Additional keys can also be built in to mute the sound, increase or decrease the volume, and quickly go to the mailbox.

Let's take a closer look at the purpose of the computer keyboard keys with their full description.

Each key can perform one or more functions:

Spacebar located at the bottom of the keyboard and is the largest. When typing, it makes a space between words, and when a fragment of text is selected, it replaces it with a space, which speeds up work in a text editor. In an Internet browser, it performs the scroll-down function.
Esc when pressed, cancels the last action, closes or minimizes open windows.
Print Screen creates a screenshot that is inserted into text and graphic editors. The image obtained in this way is called a “screenshot”. The key is also used to print images from the screen.
Scroll Lock needed to enable a mode in which you can scroll the page up and down using the cursor keys. But it doesn't work on all computers.
Pause/Break pauses the running process, for example, when you boot the computer, you can pause and view system information, but like the previous key described, it does not work on all devices.
Insert activates a mode in which characters are entered over the printed text. After pressing, printing occurs over the entered characters, which at this moment begin to be erased. To cancel the action, press the key again.
Delete denoted on the keyboard as Del and is needed to delete characters entered in a text editor or selected files. If an action is performed in a text input field, it is deleted to the right of the cursor.
Home This is the key that jumps to the beginning of the filled line. If the cursor is at the end of a sentence in a word processor, pressing the specified button will move the cursor in front of the first letter on the line. If you click on an empty line, nothing happens. In the browser, rewinds the page to the beginning (up).
End moves the cursor to the end of the line. In the browser, it rewinds the page to the very bottom.
Page Up turns the page up. In some media players, pressing a key will play the previous file in the folder.
Page Down scrolls the page down, and in the players includes the media file that is next in the playback queue.
Backspace is used to remove characters to the left of the cursor in a text editor or in a field intended for entering characters.
Tab used to insert a tab character equal to 8 spaces (forms a paragraph, for example in Word). Also used in combination with other keys.
Caps Lock switches capital letters to uppercase and vice versa.
Shift When pressed simultaneously with a letter, it becomes capitalized. If Caps Lock is on, it will be lowercase.
Alt used in several keyboard shortcuts. Together with Shift, it changes the layout to English; if you press Tab at the same time, it will switch to the program window that was open before.
Num Lock turns on a mode in which additional numeric keys work.
Enter needed to move to the next line in a text editor, as well as to enter information and confirm actions in many programs.
Windows used to open the menu called up when the mouse clicks the “Start” button.
Context is located near the right key and calls up a context menu, which differs depending on the program used.
The cursor keys move the cursor and allow you to scroll pages in the browser.

Hot keys speed up work on the computer by triggering one or another action. In the described combinations, the keys are pressed in the order in which they are written. Using button combinations it is easy to speed up the process of calling a particular function.

Windows + Pause/break - opens a window that displays information about the computer.
Windows + L is a combination that locks the computer. It helps you change your user account faster.
Windows + D - minimizes all windows. To open them, the keys are pressed again.
Windows + Space – the combination is designed to show the desktop.
Windows+ E - needed to go to “my computer”.
Windows + R - Opens the Run window.
Windows + Tab - switches between windows of running programs.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc - opens the task manager.
Win + F - opens a search window for the computer's file system.
Ctrl + F - activates the search function in a document or program.
Alt + F4 is a keyboard shortcut that closes the active window. If the desktop is active, allows you to restart or shut down the computer when pressed again.
Ctrl + - zooms in or out depending on which way you scroll the mouse wheel.
Alt + Print Screen – the combination creates a screenshot of the program window that is active at that moment.

Hot keys when working with text and files

Ctrl + A - Selects all characters in a text editor or files in an open folder.
Ctrl + C - copies the selected fragment or files.
Ctrl + V - Pastes text or files contained in the clipboard.
Ctrl + Z – the combination is needed to undo the last action.
Ctrl + P - opens the print window.
Ctrl + N - opens a new window of the program that is running at that moment.
Ctrl + S - saves the typed text or project.
Shift + Delete – the combination completely deletes files without placing them in the trash. Be careful and careful when using this key combination!

Typing constantly on one keyboard makes it difficult to get used to another if you have to use several computers. In an electronics store, it is difficult to choose a specific model if you do not know what types of devices exist.

Depending on the buttons, all keyboards are divided into 3 types:

To understand which keyboard is more comfortable, try pressing several keys and comparing the sensations. Some devices click too loudly during use or press harder. When pressed, it becomes clear to what depth the buttons go.

In order not to get tired of the noise of the keyboard, for constant work you need to choose models with “softer” keys. Standard devices have a long pitch, while laptops have a short pitch. This also needs to be taken into account.

A multimedia keyboard with additional buttons and connectors significantly increases the degree of comfort when working at a computer, so for long-term work it is worth choosing just such models.

Important! For comfortable work, it is worth purchasing white keyboards. If English and Russian letters are different in color, this allows you to quickly switch from one language to another.

Regardless of which keyboard you choose for your work, it is important to create a comfortable environment. To do this, your hands should be located in a comfortable position. Don't forget about posture. Choosing the right keyboard and following the basic rules of working with a computer will allow you to enjoy the process.

Friends! I hope this article was useful to you, and now you know the purpose of the computer keyboard keys and will use them as efficiently as possible.