CNC plugin for WordPress. WordPress CNC Setup - Permalinks

I am glad to welcome you to my blog! You still don’t have human-readable URLs on your website and have you started to think about it? Then this article is for you.

What is CNC

The human readable URL of a website is a page URL formed in such a way that by its name it is clear what is being discussed in the article. Here are two pictures: the first one has a regular URL, the second one is human-readable.

In general, I believe that human-readable URLs need to be set up on every site, especially if you have a young site, for example, with traffic of no more than 100 people per day. If you have just created your website, feel free to install CNC. On a more mature site, you need to think more.

Advantages of CNC

There are many advantages to human-readable URLs, but in my opinion, here are the most important:

By looking at this URL you can immediately see what the article is about.
Search engines highlight the matches of keywords in the page URL with those that the user enters into the search bar

From human-readable URLs, search engines will be able to create the correct structure of your site
Once a person enters the site, he or she will be able to manually navigate the site.

Correct CNC setup

So, let's move on to practical actions. In order to configure the correct CNCs, go to the site admin area. Next, in the main menu, select “ Settings", and in it the subparagraph " Permalinks».

In the window that opens, set the radio button switch to “Random” and enter the following spell in the input field: /%category%/%postname%.html. This structure is most optimal for website promotion.

You may ask, what if I want to remove the “.html” from the end of the URL string? I will answer you that you don’t need to do this, because the structure of the site becomes unclear. From such a URL it will be difficult to understand: this is the category in which the article is located or this is a category in which there is a subcategory.

Installing the cyr to lat enhanced plugin

Before you start installing the cyr to lat enhanced plugin for WordPress, I’ll tell you about its advantages over rus to lat:

Unlike rus to lat, it is updated and supported. Rus to lat was last updated four years ago
If there were articles on the site before its installation, then it will automatically make human-readable links from the old links

So let's get started. In the main menu of the site admin panel, select “ Plugins", Further " Add new" On the next page, enter “cyr to lat” in the plugin search field. In the search results, select “cyr to lat enhanced”. Also, don’t forget to activate it.

Removing “category” from the category link

To solve this problem, I spent a lot of time on the Internet. On some sites they said that you need to install a special plugin, on others that you need to use the “.htaccess” file for this. I even saw that it was advised to insert a special PHP function into the code. But what was my surprise when I found this method, which I will now share with you. I think you will be as surprised as I am.

To remove “category” from categories in WordPress, you just need to go to settings “ permalinks" There, in the “Advanced” section, find the “Prefix for categories” field and insert a dot (“.”) there. It's that simple.

So, summary. We learned what CNC is, how to make human-readable URLs in WordPress and why we need it. If you have any questions or suggestions, you can leave them in the comments. Good luck and see you soon!

Sincerely, Evgeniy Kuzmenko.

The world of the Internet is developing rapidly and conquering new heights. Millions of sites, services and services are happy to welcome another user to their pages. A huge number of addresses have been created that are generated automatically. And it’s not always convenient to read and remember them. In addition, a meaningless set of characters ranks poorly in search engines. As a result, it became necessary to introduce the implementation of the code in such a way that it could appear in a more convenient and pleasing form to the user's eye.

Therefore, in the world of web development, the term CNC links appeared. What this is and how to implement it will be discussed in the article.

What are CNC links

In general, CNC is a slang word meaning a human-readable URL. URL - borrowing from the English URL, a uniform resource locator. Human-readable, in turn, means a set of characters in the address bar that is convenient and easy to understand. For example, the generated page address might look like this: http://example.com/index.php?page=name. It doesn’t look very clear and doesn’t show the structure of the site. There are signs that do not carry meaning and it is unclear what the page and name mean.

The following URL might look like this: http://example.com/products/new/boat. It is clear here that we are talking about products, and new ones at that, and specifically about a boat. This is a human-readable URL. It is much better indexed by search engines and is shown in search results above the rest. And a person who visits the site will be able to understand that he has entered exactly the right section.

However, CNC links have some limitations. For example, Russian characters cannot be used in the address. They are replaced with a numeric value and a percent sign. Therefore, domestic developers use transliteration of Russian words into Latin. For example, so - oborudovanie or produkcia. Also, an automatically generated CNC link can increase the overall length of the line.

To implement transliteration and conversion to human-readable URLs, special tools are used. They are available, as a rule, in content management systems - CMS. CNC links are created automatically, based on the name of the product, article or blog, as well as the section in which it is posted. As a result, when creating a new record or adding a product, a human-readable URL is formed, which is well perceived by both people and machines.

How to make CNC links in popular CMS

CMS is a content management system that, in a convenient and simple interface, allows you to create a full-fledged website in a short time. The functionality is expanded due to the presence of a large number of ready-made templates, modules and plugins. This allows a person who is far from the programming languages PHP, JavaScript, HTML and related ones to quickly create his own website or blog.

Almost all content management systems have an excellent set of tools in the form of plugins for creating CNC. It is worth taking a closer look at the most common of them.

WordPress is the most popular content management system, according to statistics. It is installed on most famous blogs and websites. It is famous for its ease of learning and installation.
Joomla is less popular, but is still actively used among developers. It has good functionality, a selection of components, plugins and modules.
OpenCart is a separate project for creating online stores. Internally it resembles any CMS, but is “tailored” to solve a narrow range of tasks.

CNC Links in WordPress - Easy to Implement

WordPress is probably the simplest content management system out there. It can greatly simplify the creation of a website or blog from scratch in a short time.

Setting up CNC in WordPress is simple and basically involves downloading and installing the Cyr-To-Lat plugin. It is used to convert Cyrillic strings to Latin.

First you need to find it and download it. It is better to do this from the official WordPress website. This way you can avoid the possibility of malicious or adware code getting into the plugin.

After downloading the archive, you need to unpack it.
Then you need to move this folder to the wp-content -> plugins section. This is usually done using any available FTP manager.
Now you need to log into the WordPress admin panel by entering your username and password.
In the “Plugins” section you need to find Cyr-To-Lat and activate it. The plugin is now installed on the system and enabled.

To do this, go to “Options”, and there go to “Permanent Links”.
In the general settings there are several templates that you can use to build the appearance of the link. It is recommended to use the “Custom” type, which allows you to configure everything as needed. The simplest design for such a template is /%category%/%postname%/. This means that the category will be displayed in the address bar, followed by the title of the post.
And then Cyr-To-Lat converts all this into Latin. As a result, you will get a beautiful and understandable CNC link in WordPress.

In addition to Cyr-To-Lat, you can also use analogues that are available on the official website. For example, these are WP Translitera, ACF: Rus-To-Lat, Rus-To-Lat Advanced. Installing these plugins is similar, so it makes no sense to dwell on them separately.

CNC in Joomla, several options for creating

Joomla is a slightly more complex content management system. Just like WordPress, it has the ability to create websites and blogs in a short time. It has extensive functionality and flexibility. Next, you need to describe how to make CNC links in this CMS.

Joomla initially has built-in functionality for creating human-readable URLs. CNC links in Joomla 3 can be enabled on the general settings page in the “SEO Settings” section. The item “Enable SEF (CNC)” should be set to “Yes”. This way the links will be converted into a more understandable form.

Here you can additionally set up URL redirection by creating a CNC link in htaccess. This file acts as a configuration storage for the Apache web server. In it, you can use regular expressions and the RewriteRule directive to change the conversion of the link to the desired URL. The main difference between this approach is flexibility. You can provide links to almost any type.

The “Add suffix to URL” item adds the document extension to the end of the line. For example, html. This extension is of little interest to the average website visitor, so the option can be left in the “No” position.

Aliases in Unicode - this item transliterates the name of the material into Latin. This is necessary so that instead of Russian letters or other symbols something awkward and unreadable is not displayed.

Alternative components for Joomla

You can also implement a CNC link generator in Joomla using various components. For example, one of the popular ones is JoomSEF. It is distributed free of charge and it is better to download it from the official Joomla website.

Its functionality, in addition to converting URLs into CNC, includes a set for generating metadata, search engines, keywords, as well as managing duplicate pages. It is worth noting the available support for UTF-8 encoding and customization of the 404 page at your discretion.

There are three installation methods available in Joomla 3: downloading directly from your computer, from the site directory, and by sending a link to it.

For the first option, you will have to download the file. Then select “Extensions” from the CMS administrative panel menu and go to “Extensions Manager”. Using the “Select file” button, you need to show the system the prepared archive and install it.

The second option is rarely used. But the third is the most convenient of them, since it does not require downloading. You just need to copy the link to JoomSEF and specify it in the “Install from URL” field on the tab of the same name. The system itself will check for its presence and install it if all parameters match.

It is worth noting that for the add-on to work fully, the “Enable SEF”, “URL Redirection” and “Add suffix to URL” items in the SEO settings must be set to “Yes”.

The installed component will immediately be integrated into the system in active mode and begin its work. Namely, it converts all existing links into a more aesthetic appearance.

JoomSEF has a large number of settings and options. With their help, you can very subtly bring all the site links to almost any necessary form.

JBZoo and a human-readable URL

The JBZoo component is a universal and powerful tool for creating online stores, catalogs, blogs and simply business card sites based on the Joomla content management system.

To install JBZoo in Joomla, it must already have the Zoo add-on.

Sometimes the standard SEF settings don't reach their components enough to perform the conversion. Therefore, it is recommended to use the sh404SEF component to create CNC links in JBZoo. This product is free and is a good tool for building links in JBZoo. settings, functions, support for various social networks and services.

Installation is done by copying the link to the archive, or by directly uploading a previously downloaded file to the server.

OpenCart and CNC setup

OpenCart is a platform that is not tied to any content management system. That is, it functions separately. Its main focus is the convenient creation of online stores of varying degrees of complexity. Although the product itself is free, many add-ons are distributed on a commercial basis. The latest stable version is 2.0.

You can start setting up the CNC in the first way by editing the htaccess configuration file of the Apache web server.

To do this, you need to go to the site folder via FTP or the file manager available in the administrative memory.
The root directory should contain the .htaccess.txt file. Since it has no effect on a system with a txt extension, the first thing to do is rename it to .htaccess. Now the web server will read its directives and execute them.
Now you need to go to the site settings and on the “Server” tab enable the use of CNC.
All changes must be saved.
Now all links should change.

Sometimes, due to some reasons, many addresses still do not change and remain unclear. To implement this task, you can use the SeoPro component. True, before installing it you will first have to implement OCMOD Multiline Fix. To do this, you need to manually change the code of one file. It is located at admin/controller/extension/modification.php. To edit it, it is recommended to use the Notepad++ utility to avoid problems with encodings.

You only need to add one line of code to the block after the $limit variable. It looks like this:

$quote = $operation->getElementsByTagName("search")->item(0)->getAttribute("quote");

if (!$limit) (
$limit = -1;

and after it add:

if ($quote == "true") (
$search = preg_quote($search);

Then you need to actually install the SeoPro module itself. The downloaded archive must be unpacked on the server. Then run a couple of database queries using phpmyadmin:

ALTER TABLE `oc_product_to_category` ADD `main_category` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT "0"; ALTER TABLE `oc_product_to_category` ADD INDEX `main_category` (`main_category`);

Now we need to edit the main index.php file. The line you are interested in is:

$controller->addPreAction(new Action("common/seo_url"));

which is replaced by:

if (!$seo_type = $config->get("config_seo_url_type")) (
$seo_type = "seo_url";
$controller->addPreAction(new Action("common/" . $seo_type));

Next, there is a set of procedures related to settings inside the admin panel. In the menu you need to find “Modules”, go to “Modifiers” and click on updates. While here, you need to go to the “Modules” list and install SeoPro in it. Then, by clicking the “Edit” button, go into it and save. After all the manipulations, everything should work; if not, then you need to try reinstalling the module again. Or seek help from specialized forums.

Implementation of CNC functionality in PHP language

Most sites on the Internet are written in PHP. It is quite powerful, convenient and easy to learn. Its work is invisible to the user, since the PHP code is processed on the server side and a ready-made HTML page that is understandable to the browser is sent to the browser.

You can show the implementation of CNC links in PHP using a small code example. However, to bring address lines in real multi-page projects to a human-readable form, you will have to tinker.

Any website starts its work with the index.php file. It also generates hits to other pages of the site. But first you need to change the htaccess configuration file a little. In it you need to specify or uncomment several directives, as shown in the photo.

The first line allows you to resolve the URL using the server. The second one sets the base address. The next two lines check for the presence of the file and folder. The latter transfers control to index.php if lines 3 and 4 are implemented without errors.

To store the correspondence between the page id and its converted value, a table is needed. Therefore it must be created. In particular, you can create a simple one to understand the process. It will contain two fields: SEF and page_id. SEF stores the name and is of type varchar. And page_id are page numbers of type int.

Now it remains to correct the index.php file itself. This is just an example and in practice for a specific project everything may be slightly different: $result = $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]. In this line, the requested URL is transferred to the $result variable.

if (preg_match ("/([^a-zA-Z0-9\.\/\-\_\#])/", $result)) ( header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found"); echo " Invalid characters in URL"; exit; )

This block checks for the presence of symbols, numbers and some signs. If there is something other than those listed, then a 404 page is displayed.

$array_url = preg_split("/(\/|\..*$)/", $result,-1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

An array $array_url is declared here, into which, using the preg_split function, elements that do not have anything extra in the CNC are placed.

if (!$array_url) ( $ID_page = 1; )else( $sef_value = $array_url;

Here the request is processed in the case when the request was made not to a specific page, but to a domain. Therefore, you need to respond with id = 1. Also at this point there is a query to the project database, which finds out whether it has a value from the $sef_value variable in the SEF field. If nothing is found, send the user a 404 page. At the end, the resulting address code is processed and the corresponding materials or elements are returned.

Pros and cons of using CNC

The advantages of using human-readable URLs can be listed as follows:

the link visually looks more aesthetically pleasing than a set of incomprehensible symbols, especially on unfamiliar sites;
remembering the address is much easier;
the entire path and structure of the site becomes clear;
GET parameters transmitted in the usual way use variables in the address line, which is not the case in the CNC, which means security is not violated;
improving site navigation;
SEO optimization improves significantly and search robots index such a site better.

There are far fewer disadvantages. And the most significant of them is setting. It is not always possible to bring page addresses to a human-understandable form using standard or third-party solutions. Sometimes you have to delve into the code and edit it yourself, which requires knowledge and time. The second drawback is not so significant and concerns sites with high traffic. Due to the formation of links on the fly, the load on the site increases. But since the cost of network equipment is steadily decreasing, few people consider such costs for server resources. In general, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages, so although human-readable URLs are difficult to implement, they are worth using.

Conclusion

The article discusses which links are CNC and which are not. The simplest and fastest solutions to the problem were described in detail. As well as several of the most affordable options for complex approaches. In any case, using a CMS when developing a website significantly reduces labor and time costs when optimizing page addresses. Therefore, a combination of CMS and CNC should be used as the most effective alternative to manual development.

When promoting and optimizing websites, you need to take into account absolutely everything, even every little thing, if it can somehow improve the position of your website. Novice optimizers very often wonder what CNC is, and for good reason. HPU stands for human readable URL. I recommend using such addresses on absolutely all websites. After all, they are understandable and convenient for visitors, which means they are taken into account by search engines.

See for yourself which URL will be more clear to you. This:

Http://site/?p=3

Or this one:

I think everyone, without exception, will say that the second option is more understandable and readable. What can we say about the content of a page if it has an address like the one in the first example? Almost nothing. But at the second address you can immediately conclude that we will talk about installing social networking buttons on the site.

This is just one possible example. Some engines for creating websites automatically generate such page addresses that, as they say, you can’t figure it out without a bottle. Urls are sometimes so cumbersome that even the address bar is not enough for them. CNCs are easy to understand, they can be remembered, written down, dictated. But that is not all. As mentioned above, what is convenient for Internet users cannot be ignored by search engines. I will not say about the influence of CNC on the positions of sites in search results, since I have not conducted such experiments, but there are opinions that they do. But the fact that with the help of CNC you can increase the number of transitions from search engines is a fact. Why? See for yourself:

Thanks to this simple search query, you can see that Yandex highlights keywords in URLs in bold. Agree, it attracts attention. And there is a greater chance that the user will go to the site where the keywords will be highlighted in bold not only in the title and description, but also in the web page address.

Setting up CNC on websites made using any cms is usually easy. Most often, they can be enabled directly in the site’s admin area; sometimes you still have to install add-ons to do this. I'll show you how to make CNC using WordPress as an example.

How to set up CNC on WordPress

It will only take you a few minutes to set up CNC on WordPress. First of all, log in to the site’s admin panel and go to the settings-permalinks.

You will see these simple settings. Initially, you will select the “default” option; naturally, it is unacceptable from an optimization point of view. You need to select the option whose example contains the inscription “sample-post”. On all my sites and blogs created on Wordpress, I select “post title”, since I believe that there is no need to indicate dates in the URL. You can also select the “random” option and enter /%postname%/ in the field, the same thing will happen.

RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %(REQUEST_FILENAME) !-f RewriteCond %(REQUEST_FILENAME) !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

After these three simple steps, your website will be CNC enabled. On other engines, there is also nothing complicated in setting up the CNC, although there are exceptions.

The trouble is that novice webmasters think too late about all the intricacies of website optimization. This is certainly not their fault. After all, it is impossible to think about something that is not even known yet. To avoid unpleasant moments, be sure to read about. Awareness of what CNC is and what they are needed for most often comes too late. Sometimes several dozen articles have already been written on the site by this time, and then the webmaster is faced with a difficult choice: leave everything as is, or switch to CNC. If your site does not yet have many external links, and its position in the search results is not yet so high, then I still recommend setting up the CNC. After all, website optimization essentially consists of many points, and the more of them are completed, the better.

Good afternoon, dear readers of my blog, today I want to talk to you about setting up permalinks in WordPress, aka CNC WordPress. The topic is certainly not new and there is nothing complicated, but many people ask and answering email every time is not very convenient. Otherwise, you can always give a link to the post and that’s the end of it, and the client is happy and there’s no need to look for the text :-).

Page navigation:

CNC - human-readable URLs (sometimes deciphered as human-like), but in essence they are a distorted English abbreviation SEF url (search engine friendly url), links friendly to search engines. Simply put, these are links in the form of clear text instead of get parameters.?p=1691 agree, it’s more pleasant to see it like this https://site/nastrojka-chpu-wordpress/

Key Benefits of CNC for WordPress

Advantages of CNC Wordpress for visitors
- links have a more attractive appearance in the URL bar;
- such a link is easier to remember if, for example, we are talking about function names or other unique phrases;
- Using the CNC link you can easily understand which section we are currently in.
Advantages of CNC WordPress for SEO optimization
- the correct text in the link affects the ranking of the site in search engines;
- some systems may highlight the part of the link that matches the search query;
- full presence of the structure in the CNC URL;
- You can do all the GKD in Cyrillic in transliteration.
Advantages of CNC for the developer and site owner
- on social networks, some of the legal names will not be lost when your site is reposted;
- you can make neat, beautiful links instead of kilometer-long huge ones, as was the case once upon a time in Joomla :-);
- a website or blog with CNC looks much more attractive and more understandable;
- another plus for the usability of your site.

Now we have smoothly reached the third and final guide to creating a CNC machine. It will be full of useful information about setting up electronics, machine control programs, and machine calibration.
Be patient - there will be a lot of letters!

Software

Since we won’t be able to fully test the assembled controller without a computer with a configured machine control program, we’ll start with it. At this stage, no tools are needed, all you need is a computer with an LPT port, hands and a head.

There are several programs for controlling a CNC machine with the ability to load control code, for example, Kcam, Desk CNC, Mach, Turbo CNC (under DOS), and even an operating system optimized for working with a CNC machine - Linux CNC.

My choice fell on Mach and in the article I will consider only this program. I will explain my choice and describe several advantages of this program.

Mach has been on the market for several years and has established itself as a very worthy solution for controlling a CNC machine.
- Most people use Mach 2/3 to control their home machine.
- Due to its popularity, there is quite a lot of information on the Internet about this program, possible problems and recommendations on how to fix them.
- Detailed manual in Russian
- Possibility of installation on weak. I have Mach 3 installed on a Celeron 733 with 256MB of RAM and everything works great.
- And the main thing is full compatibility with Windows XP, unlike, for example, Turbo CNC, which is designed for DOS, although TurboCNC is even less demanding on hardware.

I think this is more than enough for you to choose Mach_e, but no one forbids you to try other software. Perhaps it will suit you better. Another thing worth mentioning is the presence of a driver compatible with Windows 7. I tried this thing, but it didn’t work out very well. Perhaps due to the fatigue of the system - it is already two years old and overgrown with all sorts of unnecessary garbage, and Mach is recommended to be installed on a fresh system and to use this computer only for working with the machine. In general, everything seems to be working, but the motors regularly skip steps, while on a computer with XP the same version of Macha behaves great.

Let's consider only the X axis, and you can configure the rest yourself according to the same principle. Parameter Steps per indicates how many steps it takes your motor to complete a full revolution. The standard SD has a step of 1.8 degrees, i.e. we divide 360 degrees (full revolution) by 1.8 and get 200. Thus, we found that the engine in STEP mode rotates 360 degrees in 200 steps. We write this number in the Steps per field. Accordingly, in the HALF-STEP mode there will be not 200, but 2 times more - 400 steps. What to write in the Steps per field, 200 or 400, depends on what mode your controller is in. Later, when we connect to the machine and calibrate, we will change this parameter, but for now set it to 200 or 400.

Velocity– sets the maximum speed of movement of the portal. For reliability, I set it to 1000, but when working, I decrease or increase it right on the fly in the main Macha window. In general, it is recommended to enter a number here that is 20-40% less than the maximum possible that your engine can produce without skipping steps.

Paragraph Acceleration– acceleration. The value entered in this line, as well as the speed, depends on your engine and power supply. Acceleration that is too low will significantly increase the time it takes to process a figure with complex shapes and terrain, while acceleration that is too high increases the risk of skipping steps when starting because the engine will start to stall. In general, this parameter is set experimentally. From my experience, 200-250 is the optimal value.

Step pulse and Dir pulse. From 1 to 5, but maybe more. If your controller is not very well assembled, then stable operation is possible with a longer time interval.

I forgot to say that most likely every time you start Mac, the Reset button will blink. Click on it, otherwise it won't allow you to do anything.

Ugh. Well, now let's try to download the control program, an example of which you can download at the end of the article. Press the button Load G-Code or go to the menu File/Load G-Code it is more convenient for anyone and the window for opening the control program appears.

The UE is a regular text file in which coordinates are written in a column. As you can see in the list of supported file types, there is a txt format, therefore it can be opened and edited with a regular notepad, like files with the extension nc, ncc, tap. You can correct the G-code in the program itself by pressing the button Edit G-Code.

We load the UE and see that a code has appeared in the left window, and in the right window the outline of the figure that we will cut out.

To start processing, all you have to do is press the green button Cycle Start, which is what we do. Numbers began to appear in the coordinate window, and a virtual spindle moved across the picture, which means the processing process has successfully begun and our virtual (for now) machine has begun to process the part.

If for some reason you need to pause the operation of the machine, click Stop. To continue, press Cycle Start again and processing will continue from the same place. I was interrupted several times during the rain when I needed to turn off and cover the machine.

The speed is changed using the “+” “-” buttons in the column Feed Rate, and is initially equal to 100% of the speed set in Motor Tuning. Here you can adjust the speed of movement of the portal to certain processing conditions. The speed is adjustable in a very large range from 10 to 300%.

That's basically all about setting up Mach3, I hope I haven't forgotten anything. A little later, when we calibrate and launch the machine, I will tell you about some more necessary settings. Now grab some tea, coffee, a cigarette (whatever you like) and give yourself a moment of rest so that with new strength and a fresh mind you can begin setting up the electronics of the machine.

It is advisable to do this with the spindle installed because... It is unlikely that you will be able to make an absolutely even spindle mount at home and also screw it evenly to the Z axis.

Let's say you now align the Z axis, and when you make the mount and install the spindle, you will be surprised at how crooked it will be located there. The first thing to do is to secure a drill or cutter in the chuck. Now we move the portal to any place on our working (coordinate) table and use a square to see if we have 90 degrees between the table and the cutter. Depending on the design of the spindle mounting and the Z axis itself, adjust the position of the cutter, and having achieved the desired result, fix the spindle in this position.

Well, one more adjustment is to check whether your machine can draw a right angle when you tell it to do so. Otherwise, this is what you might end up with.

For myself, I have come up with two ways to check and adjust this; I will describe both of them.
1 - This is the most universal cutter - a broken and re-sharpened 3 mm drill. In the absence of other cutters, it is used for both roughing and finishing. A huge plus of this cutter is its cheapness, but the disadvantages are: it cannot be sharpened correctly, and it has a very limited resource. Literally a couple of small pictures, after which she begins to burn the tree. From all this, it follows that the quality of the work performed is not very good, followed by mandatory refinement with sandpaper, and you will have to sand quite a lot.
2 - Straight two-flute cutter 3.175 and 2 mm. It is generally used for removing the rough layer of small workpieces, but if necessary, it can also be used as a finishing layer.
3 - Conical cutters 3, 2, and 1.5 mm. Application: finishing. The diameter determines the quality and detail of the final result. With a 1.5 mm cutter, the quality will be better than with a 3 mm one, but the processing time will also increase significantly. The use of conical cutters for finishing virtually does not require additional sanding afterwards.
4 - Conical engraver. It is used for engraving, and the alloy from which it is made allows engraving also on metal. Another application is the processing of very small parts that cannot be processed with a conical cutter.
5 - Direct engraver. Used for cutting or cutting. For example, you need to cut...the letter “A” from a sheet of 5 mm plywood. Install a straight engraver into the spindle and here you have a CNC jigsaw . I used it instead of a straight cutter when it broke. The quality of processing is quite normal, but periodically it wraps around long chips. You need to be alert.
All of the above cutters had a 3.175 mm shank, and now they are heavy artillery.
6 - Straight and conical cutters 8 mm. The application is the same as for 3 mm cutters, but for larger-scale work. Processing time is significantly reduced, but unfortunately they are not suitable for small workpieces.

All this is only a small part of the number of cutters that can be used in CNC to perform various tasks. I can’t help but warn beginners about the considerable cost of good cutters. For example, the above-described 8 mm high-speed steel cutters cost approximately 700 rubles. A carbide cutter is 2 times more expensive. So CNC toys cannot be ranked among the cheapest hobbies.

Photos

I’m posting for your consideration a few photos of what I managed to do over a couple of summer months.
First test pancake. Milling cutter No. 1. Scary right? And if the rest is of the same quality)))

The first serious check for the machine. Dimensions 17 by 25 cm. Relief height 10 mm, time spent - 4 hours.
Like the next job, this one was done with the same cutter No. 1. As you can see, the result is quite tolerable.

And here the cutter became dull, and the wood began to burn.

I tried what a cone engraver can do.

My sister asked me to cut out a dog for her. Roughing – cutter No. 2 3 mm, finishing cutter No. 3 3 mm. Relief 6 mm, processing time about 1.5 hours.

House signs. The relief is 10 mm, but already concave because this significantly reduces processing time. Not the entire area is processed, but only the inscription. Processing time is about 2 hours, using cutter No. 5 (direct engraver).

My attempt to make a three-dimensional wooden photograph. I made a mistake in pairing the man and the tree, but overall, I think it turned out well. Roughing - straight cutter 3 mm, finishing with a conical cutter 2 mm. The relief is 5 mm, but I don’t remember the processing time.