AMD processors in ascending order. All time intel processor architectures
The processor is the main component of the computer, nothing will work without it. Since the release of the first processor, this technology has been developing by leaps and bounds. The architectures and generations of AMD and Intel processors have changed.
In one of the previous articles, we considered, in this article we will look at the generations of AMD processors, consider how it all started, and how it improved until the processors became what they are now. Sometimes it's very interesting to understand how technology has evolved.
As you already know, initially, the company that produced processors for the computer was Intel. But the US government did not like that such an important part for the defense industry and the country's economy is produced by only one company. On the other hand, there were others who wanted to release processors.
AMD was founded, Intel shared all its developments with them and allowed AMD to use its architecture to release processors. But this did not last long, after a few years Intel stopped sharing new developments and AMD had to improve their processors themselves. By the concept of architecture, we will mean microarchitecture, the arrangement of transistors on a printed circuit board.
Early processor architectures
First, a brief look at the first processors produced by the company. The very first was the AM980, it was full of an eight-bit Intel 8080 processor.
The next processor was AMD 8086, a clone of Intel 8086, which was produced under a contract with IBM, which forced Intel to license this architecture to a competitor. The processor was 16-bit, had a frequency of 10 MHz, and the 3000 nm manufacturing process was used for its manufacture.
The next processor was a clone of Intel 80286- AMD AM286, compared to the device from Intel, it had a higher clock frequency, up to 20 MHz. The process technology has been reduced to 1500 nm.
Next was AMD processor 80386, a clone of Intel 80386, Intel was against the release of this model, but the company managed to win a lawsuit. Here, too, the frequency was raised to 40 MHz, while Intel had only 32 MHz. The technical process is 1000 nm.
AM486 is the latest processor released on the basis of Intel's developments. The processor frequency was raised to 120 MHz. Further, due to litigation, AMD was no longer able to use Intel technologies and they had to develop their own processors.
Fifth generation - K5
AMD released its first processor in 1995. It had a new architecture that was based on the previously developed RISC architecture. Ordinary instructions were recoded into microinstructions, which helped to greatly improve performance. But here AMD could not bypass Intel. The processor had a clock speed of 100 MHz, while the Intel Pentium was already running at 133 MHz. For the manufacture of the processor, the 350 nm process technology was used.
Sixth generation - K6
AMD did not develop a new architecture, but decided to acquire NextGen and use its Nx686 developments. Although this architecture was very different, it also used instruction conversion to RISC, and it also did not bypass the Pentium II. The processor frequency was 350 MHz, the power consumption was 28 watts, and the manufacturing process was 250 nm.
The K6 architecture had several improvements going forward, K6 II added several additional instruction sets to improve performance, and K6 III added L2 cache.
Seventh generation - K7
In 1999, a new microarchitecture of AMD Athlon processors appeared. Here, the clock frequency was significantly increased, up to 1 GHz. The second level cache was placed on a separate chip and had a size of 512 kb, the first level cache was 64 kb. For manufacturing, the 250 nm process technology was used.
Several more processors based on the Athlon architecture were released, in Thunderbird the second level cache returned to the main integrated circuit, which increased performance, and the process technology was reduced to 150 nm.
In 2001, processors based on the AMD Athlon Palomino processor architecture were released with a clock speed of 1733 MHz, a 256 MB L2 cache and a 180 nm process technology. Power consumption reached 72 watts.
Architecture improvements continued, and in 2002 the company launched the Athlon Thoroughbred processors, which used the 130nm process and clocked at 2GHz. Barton's next improvement increased the clock speed to 2.33 GHz and doubled the size of the L2 cache.
In 2003, AMD released the K7 Sempron architecture, which had a clock speed of 2 GHz, also with a 130 nm process technology, but already cheaper.
Eighth generation - K8
All previous generations of processors were 32-bit, and only the K8 architecture began to support 64-bit technology. The architecture has undergone many changes, now the processors could theoretically work with 1 TB of RAM, the memory controller was moved to the processor, which improved performance compared to K7. A new HyperTransport data exchange technology has also been added here.
The first processors based on the K8 architecture were Sledgehammer and Clawhammer, they had a frequency of 2.4-2.6 GHz and the same 130 nm process technology. Power consumption - 89 W. Further, as with the K7 architecture, the company performed a slow improvement. In 2006, Winchester, Venice, San Diego processors were released, which had a clock speed of up to 2.6 GHz and a 90 nm manufacturing process.
In 2006, Orleans and Lima processors came out, which had a clock speed of 2.8 GHz, the latter already had two cores and supported DDR2 memory.
Along with the Athlon line, AMD released the Semron line in 2004. These processors had a lower frequency and cache size, but were cheaper. Frequency up to 2.3 GHz and L2 cache up to 512 KB were supported.
In 2006, the development of the Athlon line continued. The first dual-core Athlon X2 processors were released: Manchester and Brisbane. They had a clock frequency of up to 3.2 GHz, a 65 nm manufacturing process and a power consumption of 125 watts. In the same year, the Turion budget line was introduced, clocked at 2.4 GHz.
Tenth generation - K10
The next architecture from AMD was the K10, which is similar to the K8, but has received many improvements, including an increase in cache, an improvement in the memory controller, an IPC mechanism, and most importantly, a quad-core architecture.
The first was the Phenom line, these processors were used as server processors, but they had a serious problem that led to the processor freezing. AMD later fixed it in software, but this reduced performance. Processors were also released in the Athlon and Operon lines. The processors ran at 2.6 GHz, had 512 KB of L2 cache, 2 MB of L3 cache, and were manufactured using the 65 nm process technology.
The next architectural improvement was the Phenom II line, in which AMD made a process transition to 45 nm, which significantly reduced power consumption and heat consumption. Quad-core Phenom II processors had a frequency of up to 3.7 GHz, a third-level cache of up to 6 MB. The Deneb processor already supported DDR3 memory. Then the dual-core and tri-core Phenom II X2 and X3 processors were released, which did not gain much popularity and worked at lower frequencies.
In 2009, budget processors AMD Athlon II were released. They had clock speeds up to 3.0 GHz, but the third level cache was cut out to reduce the price. The lineup included a quad-core Propus and a dual-core Regor. In the same year, the Semton product line was updated. They also did not have an L3 cache and ran at a clock speed of 2.9 GHz.
In 2010, the six-core Thuban and the quad-core Zosma were released, which could run at 3.7 GHz. The processor frequency could change depending on the load.
Fifteenth generation - AMD Bulldozer
In October 2011, a new architecture came to replace the K10 - Bulldozer. Here the company tried to use a large number of cores and high clock speeds to get ahead of Intel's Sandy Bridge. The first Zambezi chip couldn't even beat the Phenom II, let alone Intel.
A year after the release of Bulldozer, AMD released an improved architecture codenamed Piledriver. Here, clock speed and performance have been increased by about 15% without increasing power consumption. The processors had a clock speed of up to 4.1 GHz, consumed up to 100 W, and were manufactured using a 32 nm process technology.
Then the FX processor line was released on the same architecture. They had clock speeds up to 4.7 GHz (5 GHz when overclocked), were versions for four, six and eight cores, and consumed up to 125 watts.
The next Bulldozer improvement, the Excavator, came out in 2015. Here the process technology has been reduced to 28 nm. The processor clock speed is 3.5GHz, the number of cores is 4, and the power consumption is 65W.
Sixteenth generation - Zen
This is a new generation of AMD processors. The Zen architecture was designed by the company from the ground up. Processors will be released this year, it is expected that in the spring. For their manufacture, the 14 nm process technology will be used.
The processors will support DDR4 memory and generate 95 watts of heat. The processors will have up to 8 cores, 16 threads, clocked at 3.4 GHz. Power efficiency has also been improved, and automatic overclocking has been announced as the processor adjusts to your cooling capabilities.
conclusions
In this article, we looked at AMD processor architectures. Now you know how they developed AMD processors and how things are at the moment now. You can see that some generations of AMD processors are missing, this is mobile processors, and we deliberately excluded them. I hope this information was helpful to you.
When choosing a processor from Intel, the question arises: which chip from this corporation to choose? Processors have many characteristics and parameters that affect their performance. And in accordance with it and some features of the microarchitecture, the manufacturer gives the appropriate name. Our task is to shed light on this issue. In this article, you will learn what exactly the names of Intel processors mean, and also learn about the microarchitecture of chips from this company.
indication
It should be noted in advance that solutions before 2012 will not be considered here, since technology is moving at a rapid pace and these chips have too little performance with high power consumption, and they are also difficult to buy in new condition. Also, server solutions will not be considered here, since they have a specific scope and are not intended for the consumer market.
Attention, the nomenclature set out below may not be valid for processors older than the period indicated above.
And also if you have any difficulties, you can visit the site. And read this article, which talks about. And if you want to know about integrated graphics from Intel, then you.
tick-tock
Intel has a special strategy for releasing its "stones", called Tick-Tock (Tick-Tock). It consists of annual consistent improvements.
- A tick means a change in microarchitecture, which leads to a change in socket, improved performance and optimization of power consumption.
- This means that it leads to a decrease in power consumption, the possibility of placing a larger number of transistors on a chip, a possible increase in frequencies and an increase in cost.
This is what this strategy looks like for desktop and laptop models:
| MICROARCHITECRURE | STAGE | EXIT | TECHNICAL PROCESS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nehalem | So | 2009 | 45 nm |
| Westmere | Teak | 2010 | 32 nm |
| Sandy Bridge | So | 2011 | 32 nm |
| Ivy Bridge | Teak | 2012 | 22 nm |
| Haswell | So | 2013 | 22 nm |
| Broadwell | Teak | 2014 | 14 nm |
| skylake | So | 2015 | 14 nm |
| Kaby Lake | So+ | 2016 | 14 nm |
But for low-power solutions (smartphones, tablets, netbooks, nettops), the platforms look like this:
| CATEGORY | PLATFORM | NUCLEUS | TECHNICAL PROCESS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netbooks/Nettops/Notebooks | Braswell | airmont | 14 nm |
| Bay Trail D/M | Silvermont | 22 nm | |
| Top tablets | Willow Trail | Goldmont | 14 nm |
| cherry trail | airmont | 14 nm | |
| Bay Tral-T | Silvermont | 22 nm | |
| Clower Trail | Satwell | 32 nm | |
| Top/Medium Smartphones/Tablets | morganfield | Goldmont | 14 nm |
| moorefield | Silvermont | 22 nm | |
| Merrifield | Silvermont | 22 nm | |
| Clower Trail+ | Satwell | 32 nm | |
| Medfield | Satwell | 32 nm | |
| Medium/budget smartphones/tablets | Binghamton | airmont | 14 nm |
| riverton | airmont | 14 nm | |
| Slayton | Silvermont | 22 nm |
It should be noted that Bay Trail-D is made for desktops: Pentium and Celeron with index J. And Bay Trail-M for is a mobile solution and will also be designated among Pentium and Celeron by its letter - N.
Judging by the company's latest trends, performance itself is progressing quite slowly, while energy efficiency (performance per unit of energy consumed) is growing year by year, and look soon laptops will have the same powerful processors as large PCs (although such representatives exists now).
The result is banal: it is impossible to judge the performance of any central processor by only one parameter. Only a combination of characteristics gives an understanding of what kind of chip it is. Narrowing the range of processors under consideration is very simple. AMD's modern ones are FX chips for the AM3+ platform and A10/8/6 hybrid solutions of the 6000 and 7000 series (plus Athlon X4) for FM2+. Intel has Haswell processors for the LGA1150 platform, Haswell-E (in fact, one model) for LGA2011-v3 and the latest Skylake for LGA1151.
AMD Processors
I repeat, the complexity of choosing a processor lies in the fact that there are a lot of models on sale. Elementary confused in this variety of markings. AMD has A8 and A10 hybrid processors. Both lines include only quad-core chips. But what's the difference? We'll talk about this.
Let's start with positioning. AMD FX processors are the top chips for the AM3+ platform. Based on them, game system blocks and workstations are assembled. Hybrid processors (with integrated video) of the A-series, as well as Athlon X4 (without integrated graphics) are middle-class chips for the FM2+ platform.
The AMD FX series is divided into quad-core, six-core, and eight-core models. All processors do not have an integrated graphics core. Therefore, a full-fledged assembly will require either a motherboard with integrated video, or a discrete 3D accelerator.
For office, home or gaming computer it is not so difficult to choose the right processor. You just need to decide on the needs, a little orientation in the characteristics and price ranges. It makes no sense to thoroughly study the smallest nuances if you are not a “geek”, but you need to understand what to pay attention to.
For example, you can look for a processor with a higher frequency and cache memory, but without paying attention to the chip core, you can get into a mess. The core, in fact, is the main performance factor, and the rest of the characteristics are plus or minus. In general terms, I can say that the more expensive the product in the line of one manufacturer, the better, more powerful, faster it is. But AMD processors are cheaper than those of Intel.
- The processor should be chosen depending on the tasks. If in normal mode you have about two resource-intensive programs running, then it is better to buy a dual-core “stone” with a high frequency. If more threads are used, it is better to opt for a multi-core of the same architecture, even if with a lower frequency.
- Hybrid processors (with an integrated graphics card) will save on the purchase of a graphics card, provided that you do not need to play fancy games. These are almost all modern Intel and AMD processors of the A4-A12 series, but AMD has a stronger graphics core.
- A cooler must be supplied with all processors marked "BOX" (of course, a simple model, which is not enough for high loads, but it's what you need to work in the nominal mode). If you need a cool cooler, then .
- Processors marked "OEM" are covered by a one-year warranty, while BOX is covered by a three-year warranty. If the warranty period provided by the store is shorter, it is better to think about looking for another distributor.
- In some cases, it makes sense to buy a percentage from the hands, so you can save about 30% of the amount. True, this method of purchase is associated with a certain risk, so you need to pay attention to the availability of a guarantee and the reputation of the seller.
Main technical characteristics of processors
Now about some characteristics, which are still worth mentioning. It is not necessary to delve into, but it will be useful to understand my recommendations for specific models.
Each processor has its own socket (platform), i.e. the name of the connector on the motherboard for which it is intended. Whichever processor you choose, be sure to look at socket matching. At the moment there are several platforms.
- LGA1150 - not for top processors, used for office computers, gaming and home media centers. Integrated entry-level graphics, except for Intel Iris/Iris Pro. Already out of circulation.
- LGA1151 is a modern platform, recommended for a future upgrade to newer "stones". The processors themselves are not much faster than the previous platform, i.e., it makes no sense to upgrade to it. But on the other hand, there is a more powerful integrated graphics core of the Intel Graphics series, DDR4 memory is supported, but it does not give a strong performance gain.
- LGA2011-v3 is a top platform designed for building high-performance desktop systems based on the Intel X299 system logic, expensive, outdated.
- LGA 2066 (Socket R4) - socket for HEDT (Hi-End) Intel processors of Skylake-X and Kaby Lake-X architecture, replaced 2011-3.
- AM1 for weak, energy efficient processors
- AM3+ is a common socket, suitable for most AMD processors, incl. for high-performance processors without an integrated video core
- AM4 is designed for microprocessors with Zen microarchitecture (Ryzen brand) with and without integrated graphics, and all subsequent ones. Added support for DDR4 memory.
- FM2/FM2+ for budget Athlon X2/X4 without integrated graphics.
- sTR4 is a socket type for the HEDT family of Ryzen Threadripper microprocessors. Similar to server sockets, the most massive and for desktop computers.
There are outdated platforms that you can buy to save money, but keep in mind that new processors will no longer be made for them: LGA1155, AM3, LGA2011, AM2 / +, LGA775 and others that are not on the lists.
The name of the kernel. Each line of processors has its own kernel name. For example, Intel currently has Sky Lake, Kaby Lake, and the latest eighth-generation Coffee Lake. AMD has Richland, Bulldozer, Zen. The higher the generation, the more high-performance chip, at lower power consumption, and the more technologies are introduced.
Number of Cores: from 2 to 18 pieces. The bigger, the better. But there is such a moment: programs that do not know how to distribute the load among the cores will run faster on a dual-core with a higher clock frequency than on a 4-core, but at a lower frequency. In short, if there is no clear technical task, then the rule works: more is better, and the further, the more correct it will be.
Process technology, measured in nanometers, for example - 14nm. Does not affect performance, but does affect CPU heating. Each new generation of processors is manufactured according to a new process technology with a smaller nm. This means that if you take a processor of the previous generation and about the same new one, then the latter will heat up less. But, since new products are made faster, they heat up in about the same way. That is, process improvements enable manufacturers to make faster processors.
Clock frequency, measured in gigahertz, for example - 3.5 GHz. Always the more - the better, but only within the same series. If you take an old Pentium with a frequency of 3.5 GHz and some new one, then the old one will be many times slower. This is due to the fact that they have completely different nuclei.
Almost all "stones" are capable of accelerating, i.е. operate at a higher frequency than the one indicated in the specifications. But this is a topic for those who understand, because. you can burn the processor or get a non-working system!
Cache size 1, 2 and 3 levels, one of the key characteristics, the more, the faster. The first level is the most important, the third is less significant. Directly depends on the kernel and series.
TDP- dissipated thermal power, well, or how much at maximum load. A lower number means less heat. Without clear personal preferences, this can be ignored. Powerful processors consume 110-220 watts of electricity in the load. You can see the diagram of the approximate power consumption of Intel and AMD processors under normal load, the less the better:
Model, series: does not apply to the characteristics, but nevertheless I want to tell you how to understand which processor is better within the same series, without really delving into the characteristics. Processor name, for example " consists of a series Core i3" and model numbers "8100". The first digit means the line of processors on some core, and the next ones are its “performance index”, roughly speaking. So we can guess that:
- Core i3-8300 is faster than i3-8100
- i3-8100 is faster than i3-7100
- But the i3-7300 will be faster than the i3-8100, despite the lower series, because 300 strongly more than 100. I think you get the point.
The same goes for AMD.
Will you play on the computer?
The next point that you need to decide in advance: the gaming future of the computer. For Farm Frenzy and other simple online games, any built-in graphics will do. If buying an expensive video card is not included in the plans, but you want to play, then you need to take a processor with a normal graphics core Intel Graphics 530/630/Iris Pro, AMD Radeon RX Vega Series. Even modern games will run in Full HD 1080p resolution at minimum and medium graphics quality settings. You can play World of Tanks, GTA, Dota and others.
If so, then it makes sense to take a processor without integrated graphics at all, and save on it (or get more power for the same price). The circle can be narrowed like this:
- AMD has FX series processors for the AM3+ platform and A12/10/8/6/4 hybrid solutions, as well as Athlon X4 for FM2+/AM4
- Intel has SkyLake and Kaby Lake series processors for LGA1151 and LGA2066 platforms and obsolete BroadWell-E for LGA2011-v3 (there are only a few models).
You also need to take into account that a powerful video card and processor need to match. I will not give clear answers to questions like “what kind of processor is needed for this video card”. This question needs to be studied independently by reading relevant reviews, tests, comparisons, forums. But I will give you a couple of suggestions.
First, you need a processor with at least 4 cores. Even more cores will not add much fps in games. At the same time, it turns out that 4-core AMD is better suited for games than 2-core Intel at the same or even lower price.
Secondly, you can navigate like this: the cost of the processor is equal to the cost of the video card. In fact, despite dozens of models, making the right choice is not difficult.
A note about AMD
The most budget line is called "Sempron". With each new generation, performance increases, but still these are the weakest processors. Recommended only for working with office documents, surfing the Internet, watching videos and music.
The company has a series of FX - these are outdated top-end chips for the AM3 + platform. Everyone has an unlocked multiplier, i.e. they are easy to overclock (if necessary). There are 4, 6 and 8 core models. Supports automatic overclocking technology - Turbo Core. Only DDR3 memory works. It is better when the platform works with DDR4.
There are also mid-range products - Athlon X4 and A4/A6/A8/A10/A12 APU line (with integrated graphics). This is for FM2/FM2+/AM4 platforms. A-series is divided into 2 and 4 cores. The power of integrated graphics is higher in older models. If the name has the letter “K” at the end, then this model comes with an unlocked multiplier, i.e. easier to overclock. Supported by Turbo Core. It makes sense to take something from the A-series, only on the condition that there will be no separate video card.
For socket AM4, the newest processors are the Ryzen 3, Ryzen 5, Ryzen 7 series. They are positioned as competitors to Intel Core i3, i5, i7. There are without integrated graphics and with it, then the letter G will be in the model name, for example AMD Ryzen A5 2400G. The top-end line with 8-16 core processors is AMD Ryzen Threadripper with a massive cooling system.
Note about Intel
The LGA1151 platform includes a complete set of models, listed in ascending order of performance: Celeron, Pentium, Core i3/i5/i7. There are economical processors, they have the letters "T" or "S" in their name. They are slower and I see no reason to put them on home computers unless there is a special need, for example for a home file storage / media center. DDR4 memory is supported, embedded video is everywhere.
The most budgetary dual-core processors with integrated graphics are Celeron, AMD's analogue of Sempron, and more powerful Pentiums. For domestic needs, it is better to install at least a Pentium.
Top LGA2066 for Skylake and Kabylake with i5/i7 and top i9 series processors. They work with DDR4 memory, have 4-18 cores on board and no integrated graphics. Unlocked multiplier.
For information:
- Core i5 and i7 processors support Turbo Boost technology
- Kaby Lake socket processors are not always faster than their Sky Lake predecessors. The difference in architecture can be offset by different clock speeds. As a rule, a faster processor costs a little more, even if it is Sky Lake. But Skylake accelerates well.
- Iris Pro integrated graphics processors are suitable for quiet gaming builds, but they are quite expensive
- processors based on the LGA1151 platform are suitable for gaming systems, but it will not make sense to install more than two video cards, because. a maximum of 16 PCI Express lanes are supported. For a complete separation, you need an LGA2011-v3 or LGA2066 socket and the corresponding pebbles.
- The Xeon line is designed for servers.
Which is better AMD or Intel?
This is an eternal dispute, to which thousands of pages of forums on the Internet are devoted, and there is no definite answer to it. Both companies follow each other, but for myself I made a choice which is better. In a nutshell, AMD produces optimal budget solutions, while Intel produces more technologically advanced and expensive products. AMD rules in the low-end sector, but this company simply has no analogues to the fastest Intel processors.
Processors do not break, such as monitors or, so the question of reliability is not at issue here. That is, if you do not overclock the “stone” and use a fan no worse than a boxed (complete) one, then any processor will last for many, many years. There are no bad models, but there is a feasibility of buying depending on the price, characteristics and other factors, such as the availability of a particular motherboard.
For reference, I provide a summary table of approximate performance in games of Intel and AMD processors on a powerful GeForce GTX1080 video card, the higher -> the better:
Comparison of processors in tasks. close to everyday, normal load:
Archiving in 7-zip (less time - better result):
To independently compare different processors, I suggest using tables. So, let's move from verbosity to specific recommendations.
Processors under $40
Of course, you should not expect high performance for this money. Typically, such a processor is bought in two cases:
- For an office computer that does not require high performance
- For the so-called "home server" - a computer whose main purpose is to store and play video and audio files.
These PCs will run high-definition movies and simple games without any problems, but don't expect much more. AMD A4, A6 processors are suitable for working in nominal mode (the higher the model, the slightly more expensive and faster). The cheapest models from the A4 series are NOT recommended, these are slow processors with slow graphics, worse than Intel.
An excellent choice would be the Intel Celeron G3900-3930 processor (LGA1151 socket) with support for DDR4 memory and a more powerful integrated graphics core. These processors overclock well.
If you have an external video card, then you can save a little more and take the AMD Athlon A4 X2, but it's better to aim for 4 Athlon II X4 cores or, because. This processor does not have an integrated graphics core. Separately, it is worth mentioning that you should NOT pay attention to the quad-core AMD Sempron and Athlon Kabini X4 for socket AM1. These are slow processors, unsuccessful products of the company.
Up to 80$
There are a few more opportunities here, since for this amount you can buy a good quad-core. This also includes the initial kits motherboard + built-in processor. Their purpose is to ensure the stable operation of stationary computers of low and medium power. Usually they are enough for comfortable work on the Internet, but such a kit is not suitable for a serious load.
To work in the nominal mode, it is best to choose an AMD Athlon X4 processor for the AMD AM4 platform. If you need integrated graphics, then take any price you like from the AMD A8 series, or the Intel Pentium Dual-Core G4600 microprocessor for the Intel LGA1151 platform.
Good performance in overclocking mode is shown by AMD FX or Athlon X4 xxxK series processors; with the letter "K". These models have an unlocked multiplier, which means they can be easily overclocked. But when buying it, you need to consider that not every motherboard is suitable for overclocking. Can be used with NVidia GTX1050Ti level graphics card.
About 120$
You can choose from an AMD quad-core APU from the Ryzen 3 series based on the AMD AM4 platform, which is suitable for creating a media center and even for gaming at medium settings. These "stones" have a very good graphics card Radeon Vega R8 Series. If you look towards Intel in the price category up to $120, then there is nothing interesting, except perhaps the Pentium G5600.
To work in overclocking mode, and not only, choose the Intel i3-7100 processor. Not the best option for games, because. there are only 2, but very fast cores. But the AMD FX-8350 processor with its 8 cores will come in handy. And the clock frequency can be raised from the standard 4 to 4.5 GHz.
Up to 200$
The best performance in this category is provided by Intel processors on the LGA1151 platform, although AMD is still trying to hold its ground. The best choice would be the Intel i5-7400. Despite its 4 cores, multithreading is supported up to 8. It will show good performance in games and ideal in home applications. AMD Ryzen 5 draws attention with an excellent Vega 11 graphics card.
At a slightly lower price, AMD may be more efficient in multi-threaded operations. In other words, you can take the Ryzen 5 series for games, you can save money. For other tasks where multithreading is not required, it is better to look at Intel.
Up to 280$
For nominal work, the Intel Core i5-8600 is best suited. If you need to save a little, then the i5-8500 will do. Among AMD, without hesitation, you can take the Ryzen 5 2600X. This is a great LATEST processor from AMD that makes sense to buy (and overclock;).
For work in overclocking mode, the best choice would be the Intel Core i5-8600k processor for LGA 1151, which in this case has no competitors. High frequency and unlocked multiplier make this gem ideal for gamers and overclockers. Among the processors used for overclocking, it is he who so far shows the best price / performance / power consumption ratio.
The Broadwell generation Core i5-5675C carries the most powerful Iris Pro 6200 integrated graphics card (GT3e core) on board, and at the same time it does not get very hot, because. Made in 14nm process technology. Suitable for compact and uncompromising gaming systems.
Processors starting at $400
If we talk about the best model in this price range, it is worth highlighting the Intel Core i7-8700K for the Intel LGA 1151 platform. This processor is the best for both nominal use and overclocking, and is also great for top games at high settings, at corresponding video card. Its antipode is AMD Ryzen 7 products.
If you can afford to spend more on a stone, the choice here is clear - the Intel Core i7-7820X processor for the LGA 2066 socket. For an adequate price, you will get fast 8 cores, but without integrated graphics. Yes, I think who takes such a smart guy and thinks to work on an integrated chip AMD has a worthy competitor - this is the monster Ryzen Threadripper 1920X with 12 cores.
But the flagship Intel Core i9-7980XE with 18 cores is worth buying except for greater solidity, because, despite the significant difference in price (the flagship costs three times more), the processor does not come off much in terms of performance in desktop PC tasks. This animal is the sole leader in this price category, both for nominal use and for overclocking.
Is it worth changing the processor?
Unlike smartphones and tablets, the desktop and laptop industry has not seen as much progress. As a rule, the processor does not change for several years and works fine. Therefore, it is better to take his choice responsibly, preferably with a small margin.
So, processors 2 or even 3 years old are not really inferior to their modern brothers. The increase in performance, if we take similar ones at a price, is on average 20%, which is almost imperceptible in real life.
Finally, I want to give a couple of tips:
- Do not chase top models with super power. If you do not play or do not work in highly demanding applications, then a powerful processor will only eat extra electricity and quickly become cheaper over time.
- New items are not much faster than their predecessors, by 10-20%, and this is almost imperceptible in everyday work, but they are more expensive and sometimes require a replacement motherboard for installation.
- When choosing a powerful processor, consider that your power supply has enough power based on the power consumption of the "stone" and the entire system unit as a whole!
The central processing unit is the heart of the computer and it is on it that the speed of computing operations depends. But the speed of work depends not only on it. With slow other components, such as a hard drive, your computer will slow down even with the coolest animal!
It seems that everything I wanted to say, now if something is not clear, ask in the comments! Only one request - do not write, such as "which processor is better than Intel i5-xxxx or amd fx-xx" and similar questions. All processors have long been tested and compared with each other. There are also ratings that include hundreds of models.
Edited: 2019-04-15
My name is Alexey Vinogradov I am the author of this wonderful site. I am fond of computers, programs, programming. Over 20 years of experience and a lot of spent nerves behind me :)
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- price below $190
- 6 full physical cores;
- frequency up to 4 GHz in Turbo Boost
- heat pack 65 W
- complete fan.
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Once, a great sage in captain's uniform said that a computer would not be able to work without a processor. Since then, everyone considers it his duty to find the very processor, thanks to which his system will fly like a fighter.
From this article you will learn:
Since we simply cannot cover all known science chips, we want to focus on one interesting family of the Intelovich family - Core i5. They have very interesting characteristics and good performance.
Why this particular series and not i3 or i7? It's simple: excellent potential without overpaying for unnecessary instructions that the seventh line sins with. Yes, and more cores than in Core i3. You will quite naturally start arguing about support and you will be partially right, but 4 physical cores can do much more than 2 + 2 virtual ones.
Series history
Today on the agenda we have a comparison of Intel Core i5 processors of different generations. Here I would like to touch on such pressing topics as heat pack and the presence of solder under the lid. And if there is a mood, then we will also push especially interesting stones together with our foreheads. So let's go.
I would like to start with the fact that only desktop processors will be considered, and not options for a laptop. There will be a comparison of mobile chips, but another time.
The output frequency table looks like this:
| Generation | Year of issue | Architecture | Series | socket | Number of cores/threads | Level 3 cache |
| 1 | 2009 (2010) | Hehalem (Westmere) | i5-7xx (i5-6xx) | LGA 1156 | 4/4 (2/4) | 8 MB (4 MB) |
| 2 | 2011 | Sandy Bridge | i5-2xxx | LGA 1155 | 4/4 | 6 MB |
| 3 | 2012 | Ivy Bridge | i5-3xxx | LGA 1155 | 4/4 | 6 MB |
| 4 | 2013 | Haswell | i5-4xxx | LGA 1150 | 4/4 | 6 MB |
| 5 | 2015 | Broadwell | i5-5xxx | LGA 1150 | 4/4 | 4 MB |
| 6 | 2015 | skylake | i5-6xxx | LGA 1151 | 4/4 | 6 MB |
| 7 | 2017 | Kaby Lake | i5-7xxx | LGA 1151 | 4/4 | 6 MB |
| 8 | 2018 | coffee lake | i5-8xxx | LGA 1151v2 | 6/6 | 9 MB |
2009
The first representatives of the series saw the light back in 2009. They were created on 2 different architectures: Nehalem (45nm) and Westmere (32nm). The brightest representatives of the line should be called i5-750 (4x2.8 GHz) and i5-655K (3.2 GHz). The latter additionally had an unlocked multiplier and the possibility of overclocking, which indicated its high performance in games and not only.
The differences between the architectures lie in the fact that Westmare is built according to the 32 nm process technology and has 2 generation gates. Yes, they use less energy.
2011
This year saw the light of the second generation of processors - Sandy Bridge. Their distinguishing feature was the presence of a built-in Intel HD 2000 video core.
Among the abundance of i5-2xxx models, I would especially like to single out a CPU with an index of 2500K. At one time, it made a splash among gamers and enthusiasts, combining a high frequency of 3.2 GHz with Turbo Boost support and low cost. And yes, there was solder under the cover, not thermal paste, which additionally contributed to the high-quality acceleration of the stone without consequences.
2012
The debut of Ivy Bridge brought 22nm process technology, higher frequencies, new DDR3, DDR3L and PCI-E 3.0 controllers, and USB 3.0 support (but only for i7).
The integrated graphics have evolved to the Intel HD 4000.
The most interesting solution on this platform was the Core i5-3570K with an unlocked multiplier and a frequency of up to 3.8 GHz in boost.
2013
The Haswell generation brought nothing supernatural except for the new LGA 1150 socket, the AVX 2.0 instruction set and the new HD 4600 graphics. In fact, all the emphasis was on energy saving, which the company managed to achieve.
But as a fly in the ointment, there is a replacement of solder with a thermal interface, which greatly reduced the overclocking potential of the top i5-4670K (and its updated version 4690K from the Haswell Refresh line).
2015
In fact, this is the same Haswell, transferred to the 14 nm architecture.
2016
The sixth iteration, named Skylake, brought an updated LGA 1151 socket, support for DDR4 RAM, 9th generation IGP, AVX 3.2 instructions, and SATA Express.
Among the processors, it is worth highlighting the i5-6600K and 6400T. The first was loved for high frequencies and an unlocked multiplier, and the second for its low cost and extremely low heat dissipation of 35 W despite Turbo Boost support.
2017
The era of Kaby Lake is the most controversial, as it brought absolutely nothing new to the desktop processor segment other than native USB 3.1 support. also, these stones completely refuse to run on Windows 7, 8 and 8.1, not to mention older versions.
The socket remained the same - LGA 1151. And the set of interesting processors has not changed - 7600K and 7400T. The reasons for people's love are the same as for Skylake.
2018
Goffee Lake processors are fundamentally different from their predecessors. Four cores were replaced by 6, which previously only the top versions of the X-series i7 could afford. The size of the L3 cache was increased to 9 MB, and the heat pack in most cases does not exceed 65 watts.
Of the entire collection, the i5-8600K model is considered the most interesting for its ability to overclock up to 4.3 GHz (though only 1 core). However, the public prefers the i5-8400 as the cheapest "entrance" ticket.
Instead of totals
If we were asked what we would offer the lion's share of gamers, we would say without hesitation that the i5-8400. The benefits are obvious:
Additionally, you do not have to select a “certain” RAM, as for the Ryzen 1600 (the main competitor, by the way), and the cores themselves in Intel. You lose additional virtual threads, but practice shows that in games they only reduce FPS without introducing certain adjustments to the gameplay.
By the way, if you don’t know where to buy, I recommend paying attention to some very popular and serious online store- at the same time you can find your bearings there on prices for i5 8400 From time to time I buy different gadgets here.
In any case, it's up to you. Until we meet again, do not forget to subscribe to the blog.
And more news for those who follow (solid state drives) - this rarely happens.
