1 kvd on Leninsky contacts. Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)

are infections transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.

There are more than 20 types of sexually transmitted infections. Of these, the most common are: syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, herpes, etc.

STIs are transmitted through all types of sexual contact, since many pathogens can exist not only in the genitourinary organs, but also in the mouth, pharynx, rectum, eyes, etc.

There may be no external manifestations of an STI, or these manifestations may be extremely minor and unnoticeable. Without treatment, the infectious process takes a chronic course and therefore, the sooner you see a doctor, the greater the chance of avoiding complications. STIs cannot self-heal! It is also possible for many STIs to be transmitted from a sick mother to her child. HIV (AIDS) and syphilis are transmitted not only through sexual contact, but also through blood. Currently, AIDS is an incurable disease with a fatal outcome.

Only a dermatovenerologist can answer the question of whether you have been infected with an STI or not, having done special tests.

Manifestations of STIs.

Itching in the genital area;

Burning in the genital area;

Erosions and ulcers in the genital area;

Unusual discharge from the genitals and anus;

Frequent, painful urination.

But you should know that STIs do not always have external manifestations. Therefore, if you have a reason to believe that you might have contracted an STI (having several sexual partners, casual sex, a new sexual partner, etc.), you should immediately consult a medical specialist.

Syphilis

The main route of infection is sexual contact without a condom (infection is possible through all types of sexual contact!). Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum.

It should be remembered that this microorganism can affect not only the genitals, but also the oral cavity, lips, rectum, skin, etc. Where treponema pallidum has entered the body, after 3-4 weeks an ulcer (hard chancre) will appear. These sores are painless but highly contagious. Over time, they disappear, but the pathogen remains in the body. Later, if syphilis is not treated, spots and nodules may appear on the skin and mucous membranes, hair loss may occur, and damage to the nervous system and internal organs may occur.

During pregnancy, the disease affects the fetus, so a pregnant (sick) woman is at risk of miscarriage, giving birth to a sick or stillborn child.

Children are usually infected through non-sexual (domestic) means. If infected parents do not follow the rules of personal hygiene: they use a common towel, eat with one spoon, lick his pacifier, etc.

Gonorrhea

After infection, manifestations begin within 3-7 days. Swelling and purulent yellow-green discharge appear from the urethra and/or vagina in women, and pain when urinating. In addition, there may be pain in the lower abdomen in women and in the scrotum in men.

If treatment is not started on time, then after 10-14 days the symptoms disappear. This means that the disease has become chronic. Any chronic disease has exacerbations, so all the symptoms can appear again.

Parents can infect their children if they grossly fail to comply with personal hygiene rules, as well as during childbirth.

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to infertility.

Chlamydia

It is caused by special bacteria – chlamydia. The main route of infection is sexual contact without a condom. Chlamydia affects the genitourinary organs, intestines, respiratory organs, and eyes.

When infected, there are practically no symptoms. There may be a scanty, clear, mucous discharge that resembles glue.

Chlamydia leads to infertility in both men and women and is a common cause of miscarriage.

A pregnant woman can transmit the disease to her child, which leads to pneumonia, inflammation of the eyes, and in girls – to congenital chlamydia of the genitourinary organs.

Trichomoniasis

The first signs of the disease appear within 4 days to 3 weeks after infection. Trichomoniasis is usually more pronounced in women. However, quite often it can occur without pronounced manifestations in both men and women.

Severe itching and irritation appears in the perineal area, copious foamy discharge with an unpleasant odor.

Girls under 5 years of age can be infected at home through gross violation of personal hygiene rules.

Herpes

It is caused by the herpes simplex virus, which can equally well appear both in the genital area and on the lips.

Infection occurs once in a lifetime. After 1-2 days, less often after 10-20 days, small blisters appear, which quickly open, leaving painful wounds. Pain and burning occurs during urination, walking, and sexual intercourse.

The blisters and discomfort disappear within 1-2 weeks, but the virus remains in the body for life, and if the body’s defenses are weakened, the disease will appear again (in women this is often associated with the menstrual cycle).

If an exacerbation of herpes occurs during pregnancy, then there is a possibility of impaired fetal development. If a woman has blisters on her genitals during childbirth, she can infect the baby.

Treatment is aimed at reducing pain and burning and preventing relapses.

Condylomas acuminata

Caused by the human papillomavirus.

Infection occurs through sexual contact. On the mucous membrane of the genital organs and adjacent areas of the skin, warty skin-colored growths appear, which quickly increase in size and quantity, gradually taking on the appearance of cauliflower, or remain flat and hardly noticeable.

From the moment of infection it takes from several weeks to 9 months. More often – 3 months.

In women, condylomas often grow in the vagina and can only be detected by a doctor. Condylomas can be combined with cervical cancer.

Under no circumstances should you remove condylomas yourself. Treatment of condylomas includes taking medications, as well as special methods and means for their removal.

HIV infection. AIDS

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV.

The correct name for this disease is HIV infection. AIDS is its final stage.

HIV attacks the cells of the human body that are designed to fight infections - the cells of the immune system.

HIV infection lasts from 1-2 to 10-15 years. During the latent (hidden) period, a person may not be aware that he is infected. At this time, symptoms similar to a cold may be observed: fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue.

Later, serious diseases arise that a person with a healthy immune system does not suffer from: Pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, etc.

Routes of infection:

Sexual;

Blood-to-blood (via blood products and used non-sterile needles and syringes);

Mother-child (during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding);

Body fluids that contain a large amount of the virus and contact with which is dangerous: blood, semen, vaginal discharge, breast milk.

Non-hazardous discharges: sweat, urine, feces, tears, saliva, nasal discharge.

You cannot become infected with HIV through: door handles, common areas, dishes, food, mosquito bites and other insects, showers, baths, swimming pools, handshakes, caresses, hugs.

AIDS patients are safe at home!

Diagnostics

Immediately after contracting HIV, the infection does not make itself felt, but if you suspect that you may have become infected, it is worth getting tested. The analysis will be reliable in a month (since it is not HIV itself that is determined, but how the body reacted to it, i.e. antibodies). To be absolutely sure, it is necessary to repeat the analysis after 5-6 months.

Diagnosis and treatment of STIs

All STIs are infectious diseases. Currently, there are many methods for diagnosing and treating STIs. Do not try to treat STIs on your own, as improper treatment does not lead to recovery, but will only cause complications!

DON'T POSTPONE YOUR VISIT TO THE DOCTOR Uh!

STI prevention is protected sex.

You can decide to have only one partner and remain faithful to each other - this is the most The best way protection against all sexually transmitted infections. If you decide to have sex without a condom, then before engaging in sexual intercourse it is best to make sure that each other is healthy.

Protected sex – provides all types of sexual protection to prevent STIs.

The simplest and most reliable way to protect you from most STIs is to use a condom.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)
are infections transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.
There are more than 20 types of sexually transmitted infections. Of these, the most common are: syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, mycouraplasmosis, herpes, etc.
STIs are transmitted through all types of sexual contact, since many pathogens can exist not only in the genitourinary organs, but also in the mouth, pharynx, rectum, eyes, etc.
There may be no external manifestations of an STI, or these manifestations may be extremely minor and unnoticeable. Without treatment, the infectious process takes a chronic course and therefore, the sooner you see a doctor, the greater the chance of avoiding complications. STIs cannot self-heal! It is also possible for many STIs to be transmitted from a sick mother to her child. HIV (AIDS) and syphilis are transmitted not only through sexual contact, but also through blood. Currently, AIDS is an incurable disease with a fatal outcome.
Only a dermatovenerologist can answer the question of whether you have been infected with an STI or not, having done special tests.

Manifestations of STIs.

- Itching in the genital area;
- Burning sensation in the genital area;
- Erosions and ulcers in the genital area;
- Unusual discharge from the genitals and anus;
- Frequent, painful urination.

Syphilis

The main route of infection is sexual contact without a condom (infection is possible with all types of sexual contact!). Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum.
It should be remembered that this microorganism can affect not only the genitals, but also the oral cavity, lips, rectum, skin, etc. Where treponema pallidum has entered the body, after 3-4 weeks an ulcer (hard chancre) will appear. These sores are painless but highly contagious. Over time, they disappear, but the pathogen remains in the body. Later, if syphilis is not treated, spots and nodules may appear on the skin and mucous membranes, hair loss may occur, and damage to the nervous system and internal organs may occur.
During pregnancy, the disease affects the fetus, so a pregnant (sick) woman is at risk of miscarriage, giving birth to a sick or stillborn child.
Children are usually infected through non-sexual (domestic) means. If infected parents do not follow the rules of personal hygiene: they use a common towel, eat with one spoon, lick his pacifier, etc.

Gonorrhea

Caused by gonococcus. The main route of infection is sexual contact without a condom. Gonococcus affects not only the genitourinary organs, but also the rectum, mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx, and eyes.
After infection, manifestations begin within 3-7 days. Swelling and purulent yellow-green discharge appear from the urethra and/or vagina in women, and pain when urinating. In addition, there may be pain in the lower abdomen in women and in the scrotum in men.
If treatment is not started on time, then after 10-14 days the symptoms disappear. This means that the disease has become chronic. Any chronic disease has exacerbations, so all the symptoms can appear again.
Parents can infect their children if they grossly fail to comply with personal hygiene rules, as well as during childbirth.
If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to infertility.

Chlamydia

Caused by special bacteria - chlamydia. The main route of infection is sexual contact without a condom. Chlamydia affects the genitourinary organs, intestines, respiratory organs, and eyes.
When infected, there are practically no symptoms. There may be a scanty, clear, mucous discharge that resembles glue.
Chlamydia leads to infertility in both men and women and is a common cause of miscarriage.
A pregnant woman can transmit the disease to her child, which leads to pneumonia, inflammation of the eyes, and in girls - to congenital chlamydia of the genitourinary organs.

Trichomoniasis

Herpes

It is caused by the herpes simplex virus, which can equally well appear both in the genital area and on the lips.
Infection occurs once in a lifetime. After 1-2 days, less often after 10-20 days, small blisters appear, which quickly open, leaving painful wounds. Pain and burning occurs during urination, walking, and sexual intercourse.
The blisters and discomfort disappear within 1-2 weeks, but the virus remains in the body for life, and if the body’s defenses are weakened, the disease will appear again (in women this is often associated with the menstrual cycle).
If an exacerbation of herpes occurs during pregnancy, then there is a possibility of impaired fetal development. If a woman has blisters on her genitals during childbirth, she can infect the baby.
Treatment is aimed at reducing pain and burning and preventing relapses.

Condylomas acuminata

Caused by the human papillomavirus.
Infection occurs through sexual contact. On the mucous membrane of the genital organs and adjacent areas of the skin, warty skin-colored growths appear, which quickly increase in size and quantity, gradually taking on the appearance of cauliflower, or remain flat and hardly noticeable.
From the moment of infection it takes from several weeks to 9 months. More often - 3 months.
In women, condylomas often grow in the vagina and can only be detected by a doctor. Condylomas can be combined with cervical cancer.
Under no circumstances should you remove condylomas yourself. Treatment of condylomas includes taking medications, as well as special methods and means for their removal.

HIV infection. AIDS

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV.
The correct name for this disease is HIV infection. AIDS is its final stage.
HIV attacks the cells of the human body that are designed to fight infections - the cells of the immune system.
HIV infection lasts from 1-2 to 10-15 years. During the latent (hidden) period, a person may not be aware that he is infected. At this time, symptoms similar to a cold may be observed: fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue.
Later, serious diseases arise that a person with a healthy immune system does not suffer from: Pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, etc.
Routes of infection:

- Sexual;
- Blood-blood (through blood products and used unsterile needles and syringes);
- Mother-child (during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding);

Body fluids that contain a large amount of the virus and contact with which is dangerous: blood, semen, vaginal discharge, breast milk.
Non-hazardous discharges: sweat, urine, feces, tears, saliva, nasal discharge.
You cannot become infected with HIV through: door handles, common areas, dishes, food, mosquito bites and other insects, showers, baths, swimming pools, handshakes, caresses, hugs.
AIDS patients are safe at home!

Diagnostics

Diagnosis and treatment of STIs

DON'T POSTPONE YOUR VISIT TO THE DOCTOR Uh!

STI prevention is protected sex .

You can decide to have only one partner and remain faithful to each other - this is the best way to protect yourself from all sexually transmitted infections. If you decide to have sex without a condom, then before engaging in sexual intercourse it is best to make sure that each other is healthy.

Protected sex - provides all types of sexual protection to prevent STIs.
The simplest and most reliable way to protect you from most STIs is to use a condom.

On the basis of the dispensary there is the Department of Dermatovenerology of the Medical Faculty of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Russian State Medical University of Roszdrav", which is headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Anna Alekseevna Kubanova.

Since 2009, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Yuri Konstantsinovich Skripkin has been the honorary head of the department.
Contact number: ( 495) 954-53-97

City Dispensary - The Clinic was a source of personnel for the Moscow City Dermatovenerological Service. From the walls of the city KVD came a lot of talented, fruitful, managerial health care organizers, honored chief doctors, widely erudite, highly responsible heads of departments of specialized institutions, brilliant specialists - doctors of outpatient and inpatient health care facilities of a dermatovenerological profile - workers of the Moscow health care system.

The revival of the dispensary on a new socio-economic basis will essentially be a renaissance of the entire capital's specialized service, which is especially important in the conditions of the extremely difficult epidemiological situation that has arisen.

The dispensary employs - 6 D.M.N.; 22 K.M.N.; 3 associate professors; 28 doctors of the highest category.

The dispensary has the following departments:

Consultative and outpatient department , providing consultations to the most medically and diagnostically complex patients with skin and venereal diseases in the areas of clinical internal medicine in Moscow. The departments provide modern diagnostics and treatment of benign and malignant tumors, including dermatoscopy, and their prevention.
Dermato-venerological department providing specialized assistance to the Moscow population attached to the dispensary.
City Mycological Center , designed to provide specialized advisory, diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic assistance to both the population attached to the dispensary and patients referred from the Moscow Clinical Institution.
District Department of Compulsory Medical Examinations Central Administrative District of Moscow, conducting mandatory medical examinations of the decreed contingent.
City screening clinical and immunological laboratory for diagnosing HIV infection established among the first screening laboratories in Moscow in 1988. Equipped with modern automatic analyzers, it works on imported and domestic diagnostic tools. Serves 254 medical institutions in three administrative districts of Moscow. In terms of the number of screening tests for HIV and hepatitis (including hepatitis markers), this laboratory is the largest in the capital. The laboratory performs more than 5,000 studies per day.
Clinical diagnostic laboratory The dispensary is equipped with the most modern imported equipment. It is staffed by highly qualified doctors and laboratory assistants. Performs a full range of dermatovenerological studies, including modern methods for diagnosing syphilis (ELISA, RIF, RPGA). DNA diagnostics of sexually transmitted diseases, determination of allergological and immunological statuses, biochemical and clinical blood tests, etc.
Physiotherapeutic department - comprehensive treatment of patients with various dermatoses, using modern therapeutic methods