How are TV ratings determined? TV audience. TV program

Digital terrestrial television is the latest technology for encoding and transmitting audio and video signals through digital channels. The signal is transmitted in DVB-T2 format, which allows you to watch a large number of TV channels for free even in the most remote settlements of Russia.

Today, residents of Moscow and the region have access to 30 channels, divided into three multiplexes with 10 programs each.

Frequencies of DVB-T2 digital television channels

Each of the three multiplexes is tuned to a different frequency. The first multiplex is broadcast at a frequency of 546 MHz, the second - 498 MHz, the third - 578 MHz. Therefore, to view all free programs you need an all-wave or decimeter antenna operating in the private range 470-860 MHz. In the Moscow region, you may need to install an antenna with an amplifier, the capabilities of which can improve even the weakest signal coming from Ostankino or a repeater tower.

In the case when the antenna is connected to an obsolete TV, you will additionally need an external tuner operating in the DVB-T2 format.

To set up Moscow network programs on your TV, you need to search on channels 24, 30 and 34, the first, second and third multiplexes, respectively.

List of terrestrial television channels for 2019

The first group of programs, approved by decree of the President of Russia, includes federal channels. The second multiplex includes entertainment and informational-educational programs. The third multiplex is broadcast in test mode only from the Ostankino Tower (coverage radius up to 100 km), and the list of programs available for free viewing may change until they are finally approved.

Logo	Number	Name	Genre	Frequency	Genre	Video format	Audio format
First multiplex
	30	First	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Russia 1	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Match	Federal	546 MHz	Sport	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	NTV	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Petersburg 5	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Russia K	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Russia 24	News	546 MHz	News	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Carousel	Children's	546 MHz	Children's	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	OTR	Public television of Russia	546 MHz	Public television	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	TV Center	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Vesti FM	Radio	546 MHz	Radio	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Lighthouse	Radio	546 MHz	Radio	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Radio Russia	Radio	546 MHz	Radio	MPEG4	MPEG2
Second multiplex
	24	REN TV	Federal	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	SAVED	Religion	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	STS	Entertaining	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Home	Entertaining	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	TV3	Entertaining	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Friday	Entertaining	498MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Star	Historical	498MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	WORLD	CIS channel	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	TNT	Movies	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Muz TV	Music	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
Third multiplex (channels are broadcast according to schedule)
	34	Sports 1	Sport	578 MHz	Around the clock	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Sports 2	Sport	578 MHz	00:00-06:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Fight club	Sport	578 MHz	06:00-12:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	My planet	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	12:00-18:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Science 2.0	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	18:00-00:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Russian novel	Movies	578 MHz	00:00-05:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Russian bestseller	Movies	578 MHz	05:00-10:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Russian detective	Movies	578 MHz	10:00-15:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Story	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	15:00 - 20:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Cartoon	Children's	578 MHz	20:00-00:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Sundress	Various	578 MHz	00:00-12:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	A country	Various	578 MHz	12:00-00:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Living Planet	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	00:00-06:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	IQ HD	Informational	578 MHz	06:00-09:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	24 Doc	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	09:00-12:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Techno 24	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	12:00-15:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Mother	TV channel for mothers and children	578 MHz	15:00-18:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	NST	Movies	578 MHz	18:00-21:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Amusement park	Entertaining	578 MHz	21:00-00:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Moscow trust	Informational	578 MHz	00:00-12:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	euronews	News	578 MHz	12:00-00:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Music of the first	Music	578 MHz	08:30-01:30 (119 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Home Cinema	Movies	578 MHz	01:30-02:30 (7 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Time	News	578 MHz	02:30-04:30 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	TV cafe	Entertaining	578 MHz	04:30-06:30 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Beaver	Entertaining	578 MHz	06:30-08:30 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	365	Informational	578 MHz	00:00-02:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	TNT Comedy	Entertaining	578 MHz	02:00-04:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Lots of TV	Movies	578 MHz	04:00-06:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	HD Life (SD quality)	Entertaining	578 MHz	06:00-08:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Sports 1	Various	578 MHz	08:00-10:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	India TV	Movies	578 MHz	10:00-12:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Fighter	Sport	578 MHz	12:00-14:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Comedy	Movies	578 MHz	14:00-16:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	La Minor	Music	578 MHz	16:00-18:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Men's cinema	Movies	578 MHz	18:00-20:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Kitchen TV	Entertaining	578 MHz	20:00-22:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Auto Plus	Entertaining	578 MHz	22:00-00:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Life News	News	578 MHz	Around the clock	MPEG4	MPEG2

List of on-air analogue channels Moscow and region

Currently, 19 on-air television channels are broadcast from Ostankino in analogue format. In the future, with a complete transition to digital broadcasting, these channels will be disabled.

Below are general data characterizing the ratings of TV channels, but when media planning advertising on television, their presence alone is not enough. A full analysis of the advertised brand, target audience, budget is carried out, only after this a selection of television channels is made and a media placement plan is drawn up. Ratings of television channels change every week, both in Moscow and throughout Russia. To find out the latest ratings of the programs you are interested in on TV, please send us a request from the website. We guarantee a prompt response.

Average daily shares of TV channels in Moscow, %

Source: Mediascope, TV Index - Moscow, 2018

Average daily shares of TV channels in Russia, %

The share in Moscow is calculated by channels: Channel One, Russia 1, NTV, STS, TNT, Russia 24, TVC, REN, TV3, Domashny, Peretz (Che), 2x2, Zvezda, Channel Five, Disney Channel, Friday, Moscow 24, YU.

TV program share is the average number of people watching a TV program, expressed as a percentage of the total number of TV viewers (those who watched any other program) at a given time.

The average daily share of a TV channel is the average number of people who watched a TV channel during the day, expressed as a percentage of the total number of TV viewers (those who watched any other TV channel during the day).

TV channel coverage per month, Russia

Source: Mediascope, TV Index - Russia, 2018.

Audience profile and average daily share of TV channels

Source: Mediascope, TV Index - Russia, 2018

Channel audience shares. Russia 18+

The graphs show the constant interest of viewers in the Russia 1 TV channel. They show that in terms of the Vse18+ audience, Russia 1 channel is the absolute leader of the entire last season (red column), as well as the leader of the last two weeks (blue column and grey-blue).

Channel audience shares. Russia 14-59.

By audience All 14-59 the indicators of the Rossiya1 channel for the specified period are higher in comparison with STS and TNT. At the same time, according to the results of last season, the difference in shares between the First and Russia1 was very insignificant. The First's share of such audience is 9.3%, while Russia1 has 8.8%.

Audience of thematic TV channels in Russia, thousand people.

There is very little left before the fight of the 21st century, in a few hours the disputes of many people will be resolved, and the question “Who will win, the Dagestan athlete, a role model for all the guys in the republic and not only, Khabib Nurmagomedov, or the Irish bully, cheerful and completely immodest Conor McGregor?
This historical battle can be watched on the Match TV and Sila TV channels, and it will begin in the period from 5:00 to 7:00 Moscow time, or even a little later. No one can say the exact time, because it depends on how quickly the previous participants in the UFC 229 tournament complete their performances. Khabib and Conor will be the last to enter the octagon and will stage a world show for sports fans.

Today someone will hit the jackpot, and someone will lose their money, since the bet will go through only those who guessed the outcome of the fight, because only one winner will emerge from the octagon. Who will it be? We'll find out in a few hours and we'll be talking about it and watching replays for years to come. We wish good luck to all fighters and all fans!!!

The battle is over. Victory of Khabib Nurmagomedov.
Link to video of the fight -

As some Soviet-era TV viewers say: “You can’t have too many TV channels.” Perhaps they are right in some ways, because the first two are considered the main federal television channels - Channel One and Russia 1. Basically, the older generation gives their preference to the second channel, since the programs broadcast on it are aimed at an older television audience. But here, as elsewhere, there are exceptions.

TV Channel Russia 1. “Saturday Evening”

This is a weekly concert and entertainment program, reminiscent of the well-known “Blue Light”. The TV show is filmed in a studio on Shabolovka. Well-known artists, theater and film actors, politicians, athletes, etc. sit at the tables in this cozy establishment. They tell various funny stories and also perform. This program is recommended for viewing by everyone who likes to while away a cozy evening in a relaxed home environment. The hosts of “Saturday Evening” are Nikolai Baskov and Oksana Fedorova.

TV channel Russia 1. “Good night, kids”

This is one of the longest on Russian television. "Good Night Kids" has been on the air since September 1, 1964. In 2014, the program will celebrate its 50th anniversary. “Good night, kids” is a project intended for children of preschool and primary school age. It is curious that at present the ratings of this program are practically not inferior to the ratings of earlier issues. The main characters are the dog Phil, the hare Stepashka, the crow Karkusha and the bear cub Mishutka. Not long ago, everyone's favorite pig, Piggy, was taken off the air because, according to an open letter from Muslims, he offends their religious feelings.

TV channel Russia 1. “Sunday evening with Vladimir Solovyov”

“Sunday Evening” is an original talk show. This television project has the status of a socio-political television program. Its host is the famous Russian journalist Vladimir Solovyov. The program touches on the most pressing political issues and discusses the pressing problems of modern Russia. The first airing took place in 2005. Then the television project was broadcast on the NTV channel under the charismatic title “To the Barrier!”, but already in 2008 the program was untimely. It was possible to rehabilitate “Sunday Evening” only in September 2012 and already at . The main broadcast time of the program is Sunday, but particularly sensitive and urgent issues may be aired during the week.

TV channel Russia 1. “Live broadcast”

“Live” is a public talk show airing on Channel 2 from Monday to Friday. It is believed that this television project is a direct analogue of Andrei Malakhov’s talk show “Let Them Talk,” aired on Channel One. Topics for discussion in “Live” can be any situation: current political problems, high-profile crimes, terrible car accidents and other events that cause public outcry. The Live Broadcast studio features professional experts, as well as politicians and artists.

With the growing popularity of television, measuring TV ratings has become an essential component of the media business. Not only channels, shareholders and sponsors, but also the TV audience itself are interested in keeping calculations and analyzing them.

The first obtained statistical data provide the opportunity to regulate the ongoing television policy, while for viewers the rating is the lever through which they influence the laws of the world of television. This detailed article will eliminate questions and allow you to understand how TV show ratings are determined.

Basic concepts of the rating industry

In English, the word “rating” is translated as “score.” It is a percentage obtained by calculating the ratio of television viewers watching a specific program over a certain period of time to the total number of existing viewing audiences in general. TV viewing ratings are measured only among the portion of the population over 4 years of age living in large cities where the number of residents exceeds 100 thousand people.

Another professional term for television measurements is share - this is a clarifying indicator that is determined based on the ratio between the number of viewers actually watching the program and people who have just turned on the TV at a given time or are aimlessly switching channels.

The last group is, as it were, a potential audience for each specific program. A television program and its global success thus depends on both ratings data and the calculated share. Collectively, they reflect the real preferences and desires of the audience.

Uneven TV ratings

The distribution of the actual and potential number of television viewers when they watch programs is uneven, which is associated with many factors. The time of day is of great importance; Thus, a television program may fall into the morning or evening prime time hours, when even an inconspicuous broadcast has a chance to rise high, because people want to watch at least something before going to work or upon returning from it.

To understand how they are determined, it is also necessary to take into account that the calculation occurs differently depending on the type of television: terrestrial or cable (satellite). In the first option, a person chooses one of about twenty channels, while in the second case, one of 100, 150 or more! Targeting a specific audience and its tastes, while playing into the hands of experienced television producers, in turn also creates differences in the system. Therefore, the ratings of entertaining television programs, news, children's programs, “stylish”, spectacular talk shows almost never fall - there is an enduring demand for them. Specialists analyze people's interests and, based on them, adjust the television network.

Who carries out measurements and for what purpose?

The process of calculating rating data in Russia is carried out thanks to the activities of TNS GALLUP-MEDIA, a monopolistic organization in this area. This company deals with measurements in all areas of media: broadcasting, Internet, magazines and newspapers. The information received is the only one recognized as official.

Why is Gallup doing this? Obviously for profit. Rating is a kind of television currency, closely related to advertising and interesting, first of all, for the advertiser. Television and TV shows act as sellers of airtime and serve to attract viewer attention, so advertising agencies wishing to promote their products should not make a mistake with their choice. In this case, mathematical statistics called ratings help them. It allows you to draw conclusions about the profitability of purchasing a certain television brand and investing money in it in order to promote your products through advertising during the broadcast of a specific program.

Types of information received and media planning

The measurement takes place in line with the science of sociology and is divided into 2 categories: identifying actual and forecast data. The first type allows us to draw conclusions about the actual television viewing of a particular program and its success among the population. It is determined immediately after the broadcast of the program ends.

The predictive rating is a guesstimate, aimed at advertising agents, but is also necessary for television broadcasters. The former need this type of data to plan their own long-term campaigns, the latter - in order to identify the potential success of the program, depending on which it will first be purchased and then broadcast on the air at a certain place at a specific time.

Often, forecasting is based on data from past results and results, and is carried out both through the activities of research organizations and, if desired, by the channels themselves.

But still, regardless of the type, how is the rating determined? There are seemingly a lot of TV shows and people, and asking everyone about their TV tastes is an impossible task. However, everything is done much more simply - through already proven methods, often with the help of modern technologies.

How a TV show's rating is calculated: an economical measurement option

“TV viewer diaries” are used, like other research methods, as part of the general collection of information from a panel sample of households that have at least one working television receiver.

For telemetry, one or more cities are selected and divided into polling stations. Households are selected in them, and for greater diversity, the families under study are stratified - divided into groups according to one or more characteristics that unite them (occupation, financial situation, etc.).

The diary is a table where the vertical column indicates either television channels or programs - depending on the rating of which needs to be identified, and the horizontal column - the time of day, divided into intervals of 15 minutes. The material is given to all members of the family (household) who agreed to the study, and everyone fills it out depending on their personal viewing preferences.

TV meters

They are also electronic meters. They are special computing devices that allow you to establish and register the total number of televisions and radios that were tuned to a specific wavelength in a specific period of time.

This “smart” mechanism is another component of how TV program ratings are determined, and makes it possible to identify the start of watching a program with an accuracy of up to a second.

The sensor is built into the receiver. When using the device by one or another member of the household, registration is required, which is carried out by pressing a special button on the remote control assigned to each person in the family. After this action, the electronic counter will begin automatically counting all switched channels and TV programs produced on a specific TV, after which at night the collected information about TV viewing will be transferred to the Moscow data processing center.

The main disadvantage of the device is its connection to a landline home telephone, which many people do not have either at all or at a specific period of time (for example, in the summer at the dacha).

Questionnaires and telephone surveys are also used.

Creative ideas and new approaches

Innovative methods and solutions for calculating rating data have been proposed repeatedly. For example, an American company has released a device that can automatically record a face turned towards a television receiver. This idea was rejected by the population, who considered the introduction of such a device into the home not only an interference in personal life, but also an insufficient basis for drawing conclusions, because a person simply facing the TV does not always directly watch the program.

The already mentioned Gallup organization, together with the leading US company for analyzing ratings among radio listeners, has developed a device that looks like a pager. It is regularly worn by the respondent under study and, with the greatest possible accuracy, records information about watching television programs both while the person is at home and outside it.

Errors and inaccuracies of measurements

Most of these methods are used in combination, but researchers note the imperfections of each of them. “TV viewer diaries,” although a more common and cheaper type of measurement, reflect far from accurate results and contain significant errors.

Electronic devices are more expensive and the respondent does not always have access to them, because most devices are connected to home TVs. Watching television programs in people's places of work or at various entertainment venues is not taken into account. Also, a person may not actually watch the program, but turn it on only for background. In addition, surveys completely ignore the population of small towns and villages, while their residents may have their own television preferences.

However, all these false or incomplete data are still counted as real. Why? Because at the moment these existing options are the only opportunity for channel directors to make more or less real conclusions about what programs the viewer prefers to watch.

Ups and downs

Ratings are in many ways similar to stock market indicators due to their volatility. Any external reasons can radically change the situation within the entire business. Usually, an absolute change in the picture is provoked by global or domestic political unrest, when the majority of residents resort to the help of news programs to navigate the situation, which is why the ratings of these programs increase significantly.

The same situation is observed with serious climatic and natural anomalies: for example, several years ago, a strong earthquake of magnitude 5.8 first passed through the United States, followed by Hurricane Irene, which disabled airports and public transport. At this time, ratings for weather programs more than tripled, and in some states that suffered the most serious damage, this figure was even higher.

Thus, any instability in the outside world can lead to serious changes in the rating system. The task of competent media planners and television crews is to quickly respond to sudden, abrupt changes and adjust the broadcast to current requests.